Saturday, December 28, 2019

Methods of Shielding Design in Computed Tomography Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Different shielding methods in computed tomography are used and shielding should be of different body parts. In this case, we need to have CT for eye shielding which is design to be used in head and facial CT scans. CT for Radio-protective Brassier which has been designed to protect breast tissues. Images will be also be obtained in the views of left lateral, left posterior oblique, right lateral and right lateral oblique until the number reaches 100-k (Jankowski et al. , 2004). During the study period, data will be composed with respect to positive and negative findings depending on the study area. Statistical values will be calculated to recognize modality sensitivity. After the end of data collection and statistical calculations are done, data will be presented in form of chat, tables among others in order to allow easy interpretation by the medical departments in order to make necessary correction with relevance to shielding in computed tomography (Jankowski et al. , 2004). Rese arch Design typeThe objective of conducting this is to identify the coronary artery diseases (CAD) patients because of the high risk of survival of these patients (Jankowski et al. , 2004). We will write a custom essay sample on Methods of Shielding Design in Computed Tomography or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Thursday, December 26, 2019

Adrian Lamo Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Throughout the sixties to date there have been a number of computer crimes which have been extensively covered and with the increasing level of sophistication in both hardware and software industries, there will continue to be even more spectacular cases of computer crimes. However, one case of computer crime worth discussing is that involving Adrian Lamo. Adrian Lamo Adrian Lamo was born in Boston, Massachusetts in February of 1981 to Mary Lamo-Atwood and Mario Lamo both of Columbian descent. He had formerly dropped out of Lowell High School (San Francisco) in 1999. In his time as a hacker he went by the name the homeless hacker due to his tendencies of roaming cyber cafes, abandoned buildings and lounge surfing. He is reputed to have gained access to a dozen of high-security networks sometimes to explore the weakness of the system while sometimes for research. He pled guilty to federal charges of unauthorized access to a computer network on 8th January 2004 and was sentenced to home detention and sixty five thousand dollars in restitution. After his conviction, he enrolled in American River College where he pursues a degree in writing, photography, and editorial work. We will write a custom essay sample on Adrian Lamo or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now He also married on September 6th, 2007 to Lauren Lamo. Major attacks Lamo is attributed to a dozen attacks on private and public networks which included schools but he is most famous for his access to the New York Times, Microsoft, Fortune 500 networks. He has also confessed to have gained access into Yahoo and SBC (a telephone company), Cingular, Ameritech among other networks. Hacking, the term used to refer to un authorized access to a secure computer network has its roots in the invention of the telephone. Hacking can only work in networked environments hence the first ever recorded ‘hacking’ was done by John Draper (captain Crunch) when he discovered that a toy whistle from a cereal box could produce the precise tone of 2600Hz which could consequently allow him to make free long distance calls (Kizza, 2002, p. 243). This came to be known as â€Å"phreaking†. Over time there were other attacks but the first notable system penetration started in mid-80 with a group of hackers who were based in San Francisco called 414-club. Th eir attacks were via Stanford University computers. But with time, there have arisen two types of hackers; those whose main aim is to detect weaknesses in system so that they can help the owners to correct the loop holes and those who scan for such loopholes so as to initiate attacks.

Friday, December 20, 2019

Essay on Modern Feminism and Violence Against Women

The 20th century has seeing many progresses for women across the world. Prehistory showed that women could not vote, educational institution excluded them, and work outside the home was limited. Women today live longer and are more educated, enjoy more job opportunities, and earn a little higher salary. However, we still live in a world were society is run by religious laws, customs, and male dominances. These traditions and customs still limit women mobility and women are still regarded as subordinate to men and violence against women still exists despite having many strives in the 20th century. In many countries around the world women still find themselves limited from education, employment, health care, political influences, wage†¦show more content†¦Violence against women can take many shape and form and these acts of violence that women face may be from the hands of a spouse or a total stranger. There are many forms of violence against women however this paper will be referring to violence against women in the form of rape, sexual assault, and battering. Even though these acts goes hand -in- hand with emotional, and psychological, financial, and mental abuse, this paper will only be looking at the physical aspect. According to Herman Stewart (1994), â€Å"Modern Feminist theory seeks not for a single truth or the meaning of reality. Rather than being concerning with the truth they inquire instead about the way meaning are negotiated, the control over the meaning by those in authority, and how the meaning is represented in language and politics† (p.50-51). While there are no single definitions for domestic violence, feminist theory refers to domestic violence as, â€Å"violence emanates from a patriarchal school system which assigns men the responsibility for controlling and managing female partners and is viewed as a flaw in society†(Nayak Suchland, 2006, p. 469). Women are also initiators of violence against men and carry out act of violence as often as men, however male violence is far more damaging and occurs in a far different context, aggression, dominance, and control where as female may use it as a form of defense. Today with so manyShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Feminist Movement and Domestic Violence651 Words   |  3 PagesFeminism has not changed today, but its focus has changed. Many women today have good education and employment opportunities just like men, as the early feminist fought for them. Now, after getting all these, men are now discriminating them and at times abusing them in order to undermine their hard work and potentiality. Men are doing all they can to undermine the success women have been able to acquired, however, today’s feminism is struggling to protect women and girls from domestic violence, sexualRead MoreFeminism : An Important Movement878 Words   |  4 PagesFeminism is such an important movement that needs to be taken more seriously than it currently is, but the issue isn’t just the people outside of the movement - it s the people inside it as well. In fact, many of feminism’s issues form and spread from the inside, like parasites. I have witne ssed plenty of instances where there are men being blatantly ignorant or grossly misogynistic, but I’d have to say I’ve witnessed and heard about more instances of â€Å"feminism gone wrong† than anything else. ThisRead MoreSocial Network Media Benefits Feminism1448 Words   |  6 Pagesevent that proves that social network media benefits feminism was in 2014, with the hashtag #YesAllWomen. An incident happened in May 2014 where a young man, Elliot Rodger, expressed his hatred for women and he went on a shooting spree in Santa Barbara, California, targeting women. After this tragedy made the news, thousands of women posted on various social networks with the hashtag #YesAllWomen, in order to share the ways sexism and violence affects everyone in their daily life. This hashtag trendedRead MoreFeminism And Radical Feminism1176 Words   |  5 PagesRadical Feminism is a form of feminism that emerged in the 1960s from the women’s movement. This form takes a more drastic approach to women’s empowerment and equality than the Liberal Feminism stance. Radical Feminism is defined as the belief that society is a patriarchal one controlled by men in all aspects of it. Women are oppressed not only socially and economically, but sexually and biologically. Radical Feminists are defined by key beliefs, such as subjugation maintained through violence and sexualRead MoreFeminism : A Social Movement854 Words   |  4 PagesFeminism is a social movement that seeks out social, economical and political equality among the sexes. Feminism was first presented to society around the end of the 19th century. Since then Feminism has been an extremely important and valued movement. What has come out of Feminism tends to be positive, it is because of Feminism that women can own their own land, are seen as people and not their husband’s possessions, and women can now vote. The Feminist movement is very prominent in challengingRead MoreFeminism Th roughout History1698 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism Throughout history, women around the globe have been struggling to gain rights that are equal to men in the society. Women have been struggling to obtain respect, equality, and the same rights men have in the society. However, this has been difficult to them because of patriarchy, an ideology whereby, men are always considered to be superior to women, and have the right to control women. This thought has spread widely among the social structures of the society around the globe and thisRead MoreFeminist Theory1248 Words   |  5 PagesFeminism refers to political, cultural, and economic movements aimed at establishing greater rights, legal protection for women, and or womens liberation. It includes some of the sociological theories and philosophies concerned with issues of gender difference. Nancy Cott defines feminism as the belief in the importance of gender equality, invalidating the idea of gender hierarchy as a socially constructed concept. Feminism has earned itself a bad reputation, but it never undermined gender differencesRead MoreFeminism is simply a sociological theory, which states that men and women are equal. Feminism is900 Words   |  4 PagesFeminism is simply a sociological theory, which states that men and women are equal. Feminism is mainly concerned with giving rights to women by highlighting the numerous ways in which women have rendered to society. Feminist theorists believe in the social, political, and economic equality of genders and believe that each has his own rights as well as duties. They strive to give the oppressed women their full rights that are being taken every day. History of Feminism Feminism first started inRead MoreIn Our World Today, The Living Generations Seem To Be Incredibly884 Words   |  4 Pagespresidential election. Within these differences are differing opinions in what feminism stands for and what the acts in the name of feminism truly mean in the context of society. Feminism as defined by the Merriam Webster dictionary is: â€Å"the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes.† If this is the definition, why is there such division? Is it because this is not what is actually believed to be what feminism is? Or is it because the culture is seeped in inequality and society rejectsRead MoreFeminist Jurisprudence Is A Growing School Of Legal1344 Words   |  6 Pagesas sexual and Domestic Violence, inequality in the workplace, and gender-based discrimination in various levels of US society. With a necessity for female suffrage, the feminist political movement emerged in the nineteenth century. In one particular instance, in 1848, the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments was presented and approved by a group of both men and women at a seminar in Seneca Falls, New York. This particular document was basically a bill of rights for women in which it also contained

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

The Fall Of The American Dream - 1196 Words

Kevin Cui Ms. Conlon CP English 11 20 September 2015 The Fall of The American Dream As the phenomenal politician Bernie Sanders once said, â€Å"For many, the American dream has become a nightmare.† In the novel The Great Gatsby, written by Scott Fitzgerald, the â€Å"American Dream† plays a crucial role in the plot. Gatsby devotes his life to accomplish his American Dream which consists of wealth and Daisy’s love. But is the American Dream actually what it seems to be? Throughout the novel, Fitzgerald utilizes the symbolic value of the Valley of Ashes, East Egg, and the significance of the color yellow to constantly establish that opulence and the American Dream is deceiving as it leads to moral and societal corruption. East and West Egg are the†¦show more content†¦Tom has been controlled by wealth ever since he was born into a rich family. Tom and Daisy’s negligence is what eradicates their morality. Their view of life is absurd which causes their foolish actions. Money is their leverage against society and the world. Tom also continues to show his licentiousness through his affair with Myrtle. When Tom and Myrtle first exchanged looks at the garage, Myrtle â€Å"walked through her husband as if he were a ghost, shook hands with Tom, looking him flush in the eye† (Fitzgerald 26). Tom then says, â€Å"I want to see you. Get on the next train† (Fitzgerald 26). Being already married to Daisy, Tom still decides to have relationships with other women, clearly indicating the his indecency. He acts as if what he is doing is acceptable because his possession of money provides him a sense of self-conceit. The upper class assumes that since they have money, they are able to do anything they want, whether it is ethical or not. Based on the events in East Egg, Fitzgerald is able to explicitly stress how wealth is one of the factors that intensifies moral decay in society. One of the most important symbol that Fitzgerald presents is the Valley of Ashes. Introduced in chapter 2, the valley of ashes is portrayed as a dreary piece of land brimming with utter despair. It completely contradicts with the â€Å"American Dream† and West Egg, where opportunities are ubiquitous. As Nick states, â€Å"This is a valley of

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Anthropology free essay sample

The Cultural Aspects of the Ju/hoansiOn the continent of Africa, there are many tribes and each individual tribe has its own culture. In southern Africa, the San is one of the major tribes in that region. The San are a bunch of indigenous peoples who speak click language and who have a tradition of living by hunting and gathering (Lee, 11). When it comes to appearance, the San appear in diverse form of bodies and sizes. According to Richard Lee, some of the San peoples are short and pale-skinned, while others are tall and dark-skinned like their Bantu-speaking neighbors. The diversity of bodies and sizes divides the San into Yellow and Black San. The Ju/hoansi are among the Black San and they speak Ju/hoan. The Ju/hoansi economy is based on mixed herding, farming, foraging and wage labor. The Ju/hoansi peoples live in the deserts of Botswana, Namibia, and Angola in southern Africa. The living arrangement of Ju/hoansi people involves grass huts arranged in a circle with space in the middle for storytelling at night and community gathering. The Ju/hoansi people have many cultural aspects and they value them very much. Amidst their many cultural aspects, there are two that are very important in increasing population. These two aspects are responsible for the expansion of the clan, family lines, and names. Kinship in the Ju/hoansi are complex and important in the aspects of their culture. It determines who one can marry, joke with or avoidance. Another cultural aspect of the Ju/hoansi that is significant is alliance and duty to a dead brother, as they must marry the dead brothers wife. In the Ju/hoansi culture, marriage is totally different from what is seen in the western world. Marriage can be a way of survival for some. These two cultural aspects of the Ju/hoansi are different compared to that of the western cultural aspects.Kinship in the Ju/hoansi culture is presented in three different ways, with the first one being one that the must people know, with ego at the center of two separate and distinct groups, a matrilineal group through his mother and patrilineal group through his father. The second way is based on the personal names and the name relationship and shows the rather different set of kin terms (Lee, 70). As the first and second kinship provides kins for the Ju/hoansi, they also create flaws in their path. This is when the third kinship comes in to fix the flaws created by the first and second kinship. Within the third kinship is the principle of wi, which when examined, provides a new sense of the beauty and coherence of Ju/hoan kinship begins to emerge (Lee, 71). The principle of wi is the answer to questions the first and second kinship cannot answer.The first kinship is the very one that must people knows about, immediate family. The kin terms of the Ju/hoansi take the place of the English version but their terms diverge when it comes to siblings. For instance, the English version represents older brother and older sister with OB and OZ respectfully but the Ju/hoansi put younger siblings under the same term tsin. Not only do sibling terms differ but when it comes to cousins, the Ju/hoansi kins terms also differ. The Ju/hoansi have one critical principle of kinship, the principle of alternating generations and that is when egos own generation and for the second up and down, ego will generally use the !kun!a–tun pair of terms. But for the first generation up and down, ego will use the tsu–//ga pair of terms (Lee, 73). This means that ego use tsu–//ga for great-grandparents and great-grandchildren. With the principle of alternating generations, another principle of the Ju/hoansi kinship is introduced, joking and avoidance. In the Ju/hoansi culture, all Ju kin relations are either joking or avoidance. And all of the egos kin fall into one or another of the two categories (Lee, 73). The joking or avoidance relations can be complicated yet simple. According to Lee, woman jokes with her sister but respects her brothers.. .genders avoid/respect aunts and uncles (Lee, 73). When it comes to kinship, an individuals attitude towards a joking kin can be different from that of an avoidance kin. For instance, when joking kin talks to his or her relative that kin communicates in a more casual way. On the other hand, avoidance relations present respect and reserve that in French are represented by tu and vous (Lee, 74). While the joking relation seems to be like a sibling-sibling relationship, the avoidance relation is like a parent-child relationship in which people in the avoidance relation will never be able to marry. The first kinship is very similar to the English version except it has a bit of differentiation.The second kinship in the Ju/hoansi culture presents its own principles and difficulties. The second kinship is based on names and name relationships but among the Ju/?hoansi there are a very limited number of personal names in use (Lee, 76). All names are in the Ju/hoansi culture are hereditary, every child must be named for somebody (Lee, 76). Also, because names are inherited, there can be many people sharing the same name. Very strict rules are set to which the first-born son is named after their fathers father and the first-born daughter after the fathers mother. The mothers family is honored when the second-born is born. Gender also plays a role in Ju/hoansi naming. A male and female can never have the same name. Additionally, to gender playing a role, last names (surnames) also play a role of identity difficulty. The Ju/hoansi people have no surname, therefore it is difficult to identify one another while most of them share the same first name. To resolve this problem, the Ju/hoansi people use nicknames based on their physical attributes. For example, Toma short, Bo tall, Debe big belly, N!ai short face (of John Marshalls film N!ai) (Lee, 77). When an individual has a common name, a convenient kinship is created with remote relatives. For instance, anyone with your fathers name you call father, †¦ others according to what your name means to them (Lee, 78). With this, the Ju/hoansi have the ability to expand their kinship. Even though the name relationship helps expand kinship, it also presents some difficulties in marriage arrangements. It limits chances of marriage because a woman may not marry a man with her fathers or brothers name, and a man may not marry a woman with his mothers or sisters name (Lee, 79). This cuts down the number of choices the Ju/hoansi people have in marriage. In the Ju/hoansi culture, when a kin name or term does not correspond with the first and second kinship, the third kinship is responsible for that kin name or term. With the third kinship, the older person in the clan chooses the kin term that should be used always the older person who wi the younger person. Since I am older than you, I decide what we should call each other (Lee, 80). This means wi possess some kind of authority. In the Ju/hoansi culture, relative age is very important to kinship. It determines who the oldest is in the clan to choose the kin term it was crucial in determining who should choose the kin terms to be used (Lee, 80). Wi is the major principle of the third kinship of the Ju/hoansi it gives the eldest of the clan the power to choose kin terms. When it comes to marriage practice, the Ju/hoansi marriage practices are different from what is practiced in the western world. Even though both the Ju/hoansi marriage practice and the western practice expand kinship, the Ju/hoansi practice arranges marriages but the western world does not. The arrangement can take years of gifts (kamais) offered to the females family as a way of securing the marriage between the two families.   In the Ju/hoansi culture, the search for a marriage partner for a girl or boy usually begins soon after a child is born (Lee, 87). This indicates that parents are actively involved in who their child gets married to. But this happens only in first marriages when the man decides to get remarried, he chooses his own partner.With that said, polygamy is not a huge part of the Ju/hoansi tribes compared to other cultures. For instance, for the Igbo tribe of Nigeria, Igbo men can have many wives. Even though men are allowed to have polygamous relationship in the Ju/hoansi culture their wives are strongly against the idea the wives who in general oppose this form of union (Lee, 91) because of sexual jealousy. Most of these wives oppose the idea because of sexual jealousy. According to Lee, most men who pursue polygamous marriages are often the healers because the ability to heal is a sign of power among the Ju/?hoansi, then taking two wives may be one of the very few status symbols associated with it (Lee, 91). Also, for the sake of kinship, one can call a married individual who has the same kin term as their wife or husband co-wife or co-husband. This is something you will not witness in the western world. It is not a social norm to call an individual who has the same kin term as your wife or husband co-wife or co-husband. Something that is not common in the western world is when a brother has married his brothers widow. With the Ju/hoansi, it is a norm for a brother to have his dead brothers wife as his wife. Apart from marriage helping to expand kinship, it is also important in the Ju/hoansi culture for the creation of alliance. In the U.S., marriage is viewed as a way to reproduce and share a life with someone, but the Ju/hoansi see it as way to create refuge in case of emergency. It is believed among the Ju/hoansi that If one has good relations with in-laws at different waterholes, one will never go hungry. If wild food resources give out in your home territory, you can always go visit your in-laws (Lee, 95). In the U.S. and other parts of the western world, marriage is viewed as independence and a fresh start with a little support from in-laws or parents. This shows the significant differences between the Ju/hoansi culture and the western culture.Within the San tribe, is the Ju/hoansi, one of the major clans in the Kalahari area. They belong to the Black San and they speak Ju/hoan. The Ju/hoansi economy is based on mixed herding, farming, foraging and wage labor. There are many cultural aspects to the Ju/hoansi. Each of these cultural aspects is very important to the Ju/hoansi. To the Ju/hoansi, kinship is an important cultural aspect. It helps determines who one can get married to or who one can joke or avoid. Kinship in the Ju/hoansi rules most part of their lives. They have three different kinships and each of them satisfies a part of their lives. While the first kinship is similar to the English version, with ego at the center there are of two separate and distinct groups a matrilineal group through his mother and patrilineal group through his father, the second kinship involves names and name relationships. When an individual has the same name as someone, this means that individual is kin. The third kinship comes into play when the first and second fail. It is based on the principle of wi, giving the oldest the power to choose a kin term. Another important cultural aspect of the Ju/hoansi is marriage. Marriage enables the Ju/hoansi to create alliance between two families. In the Ju/hoansi, polygamous marriage, is not very common compared to other tribes. But it happens because a brother has to take care of his brothers widow by marrying her. Also, healers are known to have polygamy marriage because of their powers. All these Ju/hoansi cultural aspects are different from the western world. The western world does not practice arrange marriages nor does it make you marry you dead brothers wife. The Ju/hoansi cultural aspects are very important to them and they surely rule their lives.

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Dissertation Proposal for Healthcare System -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDissertation Proposal for Healthcare Information System. Answer: Introduction Background and Context of the study ManagementManagementare Information System (HIS) it is possible to manage the vast volumes of medical records that can help in the purpose of dealing with the issues related to healthcare administration. According to Weaver et al. (2016), in order to make most of the HIS, the healthcare experts need to assess the current position of the industry and make perfect evaluation of the same. This can help in the path of transformation of improving the quality of health care service. Rationale One of the major issues that are faced at the management level of HIS is the lack of awareness and skill among the employees about the application of the same. In spite of the fact that the usage of the electronic medical record system has increased from 21% in 2005 to 86% in 2015, the lack of adaptation capability of the same has increased the risks of medical errors that is caused due to the enhancement of proper healthcare management system (Kaur and Rani 2015). The given study will therefore analyze the current structural process and implementation plan of HIS that are needed to provide advanced forms of medical care. Effective forms of leadership can also be implemented in the given context of the health care industry that can help to implement the advanced forms of technology in practice. Aim In the given context the aim of the current study is to identify the management issues that are causing poor implementation of HIS. It will also provide recommendations for enhancing the skill and awareness development among the respective stakeholders. Objectives To identify the management issues that are encountered by HIS To identify the cause of medical errors that occur due to poor implementation of HIS To provide proper recommendations for the management plan that can be incorporated to improve the usage of HIS. Research Questions What are the management issues within HIS? What cause of medical errors associated with HIS implementation? What recommendations can be provided for improving the management plan for HIS? Literature review According to the guidelines that have been provided by the World Health organization, the healthcare information systems are needed to deal with the issues related to that healthcare decision making. The major underpinnings of data generation that are achieved with the help of HIS include data generation, compilation, synthesis and analysis. The data collection process has to enhance that are ultimately needed to deal with the issues essential clinical decision making process (Radon and Silva 2015). It is important to mention in the given context that with the advanced levels of clinical information that are obtained from the HIS, it is possible to improve the quality and accuracy of the health care service. According to Yasser et al. (2016) it is important to ensure consistency and effectiveness of Healthcare information system around with proper resources supply. It is important to consider the fact that Healthcare information system is an integrated part of the Healthcare service sector, and the operation of the same is controlled by the Healthcare professionals. After proper Collection of data it is essential to ensure that that is being retrieved in Databases for future reference purpose. The accuracy of the information stored depends upon the effectiveness of Healthcare information system and technological infrastructure be maintained within the Healthcare system. Okpokoro, (2013) have mentioned In the context of the Primary Health care system of developing Nations, one of the major management issues encounter is due to lack of accurate information and understanding Healthcare operation system. Hence, it is not possible for the Primary Health Care workers to maintain proper mode of communication with the respective stakeholders. The Healthcare facilities that are obtained from the public sector are essential in order to deal with the overall challenges that exist within the primary healthcare system. Suleiman and Wickramasinghe (2014), have mentioned about the fact that organizational culture plays an important role deciding about the Healthcare information system infrastructure. Advanced society within a nation will be highly aware about the latest technological infrastructure that can be implemented to improve the accuracy of data obtained from information system. It is therefore important to consider the demographics elements that will help on to decide the accuracy of data management plan within the Healthcare sector. Privacy is another issue that is related with the Healthcare management system. As important information is being stored in Healthcare database, there are high levels of risks for the same to be leaked in public domain. Hence, in the given context, Wager et al. (2017) have mentioned about the security issues, which is another major challenge of the healthcare information system. Optimizing the huge volume of Healthcare information is also another major challenge that is required to accurately diagnose the condition of critically ill patients. Due to lack of effective management planning, in most of the Healthcare organization higher levels of cost are being involved that can compromise on the healthcare infrastructural system. In the given context, it is essential to make use of specific optimizing software related to Healthcare information system that is implemented using the specific protocol of World Health Organization (Carvalho et al. 2016). The overall cost process can be optim ized by installing fixed package of the software system package of the software system. Majchrzak et al. (2016), have mentioned up on the fact that the future of information system is highly dependent upon the swiftness of innovation application in the Healthcare sector. Technological advancement need to be improved in Holistic way in order to ensure that proper interconnections between define department within the Healthcare sector can be made. This will help to ensure that the Healthcare information system can help to secure the needs of the healthcare organization. Nevertheless the major gap in the existing literature about health care information system is due to the fact that it has not discussed in details about the ethical principles that need to be followed by the Healthcare organization while implementing the advanced form of HIS. It is important to implement the Data Protection Act, which will ensure proper confidentiality of private information of application that is being stored in the medical databases (Liu and Wang 2016). It is also important to focus on the advanced training that is needed to accurately implement the Healthcare information system in practice mostly in the primary system. Methodology Research methodology section provides a blueprint for all type of steps that need to be followed in order to obtain necessary information related to the topic and analyze the same for drawing upon conclusion. Type of Investigation For the given research work there are two type of approach or investigation type that can be implemented. The deductive approach of Investigation helps to ensure that proper and accurate knowledge are being applied in order to use a top bottom framework. In a given process, it helps to devise a particular hypothesis that are needed for the understanding the current situation of the research problem (Silverman 2016). Nevertheless, the current research implements the inductive approach, but the investigator will focus on creating new theory and hypothesis related to the implication of Healthcare information system. Research Design Three types of Research Design are implemented in order to setup the protocol that is needed for the data collection. The given research work will mainly focus on implementing descriptive Research Design, where the data will be collected about the usages of the healthcare information system (Flick 2015). The data collection process will be done specific to the objective, which was not possible in the case of both explanatory and exploratory research design. The major disadvantage of the later two types of research design is due to the fact that it does not consider the positive and negative aspect of data that are being collected. Hence, quality of the research for can be highly compromised. Data Collection process There are two types of Data Collection process which includes primary and secondary data needed for the analysis of different investigation work. In a primary mode of Data Collection the investigators directly collect information from the sample size of the research work (Taylor et al. 2015). In the given case the research strategy of interview and survey can be implemented. For the given research work primary data will be collected from the Stakeholders of Healthcare sector, which will mainly include the workers at primary department of Health Care. The investigators will randomly choose a few of the major Health Care Centre, where technicians will be invited for the interview process. A minimum of 10 technicians will be chosen for the interview, and 50 other Healthcare workers and different levels for the entire process of primary data collection. The survey and the interview questions will be defined accordingly to obtain optimized information from the given source. Secondary data will be collected from the respective Healthcare data bases, which will provide information related to the importance and challenges that are faced while implementing the primary healthcare information system. Ethical issues In order to collect essential data from the given primary sources in the form of interview or survey, the investigators need to follow the ethical protocols by taking proper consent from the same. Proper validation of the collected data will be done before they are published finally (Artal and Rubenfeld 2017). This will increase the reliability of the given collected data. Timeline (Gnatt Chat) Main activities and stages Week 1 Week 2 to 3 Week 3 to 5 Week 5 to 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Selection of the topic Literature Review Planning the proper layout Data collection through survey Development of research methods Selecting research approach Gathering Secondary data Data analysis Interpretation of findings Conclusion being drawn Partial overdraft Final submission Reference Ahmadian, L., Nejad, S.S. and Khajouei, R., 2015. Evaluation methods used on health information systems (HISs) in Iran and the effects of HISs on Iranian healthcare: A systematic review. International journal of medical informatics, 84(6), pp.444-453. Artal, R. and Rubenfeld, S., 2017. Ethical issues in research. Best Practice Research Clinical Obstetrics Gynaecology, 43, pp.107-114. Carvalho, J.V., Rocha, . and Abreu, A., 2016. Maturity models of healthcare information systems and technologies: A literature review. Journal of medical systems, 40(6), p.131. Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Kaur, K. and Rani, R., 2015. Managing data in healthcare information systems: many models, one solution. Computer, 48(3), pp.52-59. Liu, S. and Wang, L., 2016. Influence of managerial control on performance in medical information system projects: the moderating role of organizational environment and team risks. International Journal of Project Management, 34(1), pp.102-116. Majchrzak, A., Markus, M.L. and Wareham, J., 2016. Designing for digital transformation: Lessons for information systems research from the study of ICT and societal challenges. MIS Quarterly, 40(2), pp.267-277. Okpokoro, E., 2013. Primary health care: a necessity in developing countries?. Journal of public health in Africa, 4(2). Rodon, J. and Silva, L., 2015. Exploring the formation of a healthcare information infrastructure: hierarchy or meshwork?. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 16(5), p.394. Silverman, D. ed., 2016. Qualitative research. Sage. Sulaiman, H. and Wickramasinghe, N., 2014. Assimilating Healthcare Information Systems in a Malaysian Hospital. CAIS, 34, p.77. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Wager, K.A., Lee, F.W. and Glaser, J.P., 2017. Health care information systems: a practical approach for health care management. John Wiley Sons. Weaver, C.A., Ball, M.J., Kim, G.R. and Kiel, J.M., 2016. Healthcare information management systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Yassi, A., Adu, P.A., Nophale, L. and Zungu, M., 2016. Learning from a cluster randomized controlled trial to improve healthcare workers access to prevention and care for tuberculosis and HIV in Free State, South Africa: the pivotal role of information systems. Global health action, 9(1), p.30528.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Conceptual Framework Of Accounting Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Conceptual Framework Of Accounting. Answer: Introduction The main purpose of the essay is to provide an insight into the changes brought in theaccounting filed with the introduction of conceptual accounting framework. In this context, the essay discusses the benefits obtained by the adoption ofconceptual accounting framework to the business entities for financial reporting. The conceptual framework of accounting can cause large scale changes in the activities of the business entities and can also exert control over the public sector organizations from staves off to controlaccounting standard settings. Theaccounting framework is developed primarily to protect the interest of primary users such as investors and creditors by providing them reliable financial information. However, the introduction of new accounting standards such as AASB 1020 with the development of conceptual framework for financial reporting is not widely accepted by business entities across the country. The statement of accounting concepts no. 4 (SAC 4) has provided the def inition and recognition of financial statements elements. However, the adoption of SAC 4 would require businesses to report greater amount of liabilities and thus its adopted with the conceptual framework of accounting is not yet accepted by businesses (Horngren, 2012). In this context, this essay is directed to the Chairpersons of the Financial Reporting Council and the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) for illustrating whether the attempts to bring changes by conceptual framework adoption in financial accounting have proved to be successful or not. Conceptual Accounting Framework Analysis The conceptual accounting framework is developed by the IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) in order to improve the quality of financial reporting. The accounting framework is intended to protect the interest of primary users of financial reports that enhancing transparency in business operations. The accounting professionals integrate the use of arguments cited by the accounting theories for financial reporting. The two main theories used in this context are positive and normative theory of accounting. The positive theory of accounting has argued that accounting managers tend to select the accounting procedures that maximizes the firm value by providing increasing retunes to shareholders (Godfrey and Jayne, 2010). On the other hand, the normative theory of accounting seeks to define the objective of accounting that is to define the optimal accounting approaches to be used for financial reporting (Hussey and Ong, 2017). It provides assistance to the accounting professiona ls regarding the best accounting method to be selected as per the given conditions that should help in meeting the interests of users as well as of the firm. The conceptual accounting framework is developed on the basis of normative theory of accounting that helps in identifying the financial reporting objective. The qualitative characteristics of conceptual accounting framework are developed on the basis of the normative theory accounting principles and guidance. The qualitative characteristics are relevancy, reliability, comparability and understandability that help in ensuring that financial reports effectively meet the requirements of end-users. The international accounting standards board aims at bringing various changes in the financial reporting such as information disclosed in regarding to economic resources and claims of a business entity.It has legitimized the current accounting practice through implementing standard accounting policies and procedure for financial reporting (Kabalski, 2009). SAC 4 is the guideline statements issued to establish set of rules to present the information in the financial statements. The SAC 4 provides the definitions of the various elements of the financial statements and also provides the recognition criteria of each of them that are consistent with the defined objectives of the general purpose financial reporting that are provided in the SAC 2. The definitions and recognition criteria defined in the SAC 4 are also in consistent with the qualitative characteristics of the financial statements that is defined under SAC 3 (Hoffman, 2016). The guidelines provided by the SAC 4 does not address all the measurement or display criteria of the various elements in the financial statements and other concepts of cost and capital. There are various underlined statements in SAC 4 that requires firms to report greater number of liabilities that creates official burden on them and also reduced the value of firm (Australian Accounting Standards Board, 2001 ). As per SAC 4, liabilities are defined as future scarifies of the economic resources in order to pay the obliged amount to the other entities that arises due to past transactions and events. As per SAC 4 there are some clear guidelines that provide the essential characteristics of the liabilities. As per SAC 4, a clear indication of liability under law set to provide the desired amount under the balance sheet by the entities so that it can be paid as and when it requires to be paid. The definition defined in the SAC 4 for liability itself provides the essential criteria of the liability but it does not provide the criteria which should be met in order to show them in the financial statements (Gaffikin, Dagwell and Wines, 2003). One of the main characteristics of the liability is that there is must be present obligation need to settled at the specified date. In the conceptual framework it is also defined about liability that there must be present obligation for the entity but there present obligation must be at balance sheet date i.e. no liabilities are to be recognised that creates the obligation after the balance sheet date (Crowther and Lancaster, 2008). In case of SAC 4 guidelines all such liabilities have to record in the balance sheet. Therefore, this characteristic increased the liabilities to be recorded in the balance sheet before they come in actual consideration Australian Accounting Standards Board, 2001). Second characteristic as per SAC 4 is that there is no need identify the party to whom the liabilities is due by the entity in order to show the present obligation of the liabilities. On the other hand in conceptual framework, does not provide this characteristic but it provides that for the liability to be qualified as the present obligation there is need a party to settle the liability as without a obligator there cannot be a true settlement of liabilities Australian Accounting Standards Board, 2001). So it can be said that this difference in characteristics of the liability has created the difference of liabilities to be recognised by the SAC 4 and as required by the conceptual framework. As per SAC 4, most of the liabilities have legal enforceable right present in law for which entity can be sued and be sued for the disregard to the obligation pursue by the entity. In case of conceptual framework such characteristics has been defined but there is small difference that legal enforceable right must be such that it creates the liabilities on the assets of the entity and not other stakeholders of the entity (FASB, 2008). The liability is an obligation that can arise due to contractual obligation and can arise through social obligation that need to be settle by the company in favor of the society that it serves. There is no proper measurement basis defined for recognised the social obligations for the entity (FASB, 2008). So it create the undue burden on the entities to show this liability as the contingent liability in the balance sheet that need to be settled at some future point of time. In case of conceptual framework there is obligation to show the liabilities that arises due to an act done by the entity and needs to settle for some social obligation but there are methods to be sued to recognize such obligation and make proper provisions Australian Accounting Standards Board, 2001). The definition of the liability defined by the SAC 4 focuses too much on the future outflow of economic resources rather than classifying the items that are in existence and creates the present obligation. So it can be said that definition of liability as defined by the SAC 4 are in board sense as compare to definition provided b the conceptual framework. SAC 4 places the undue emphasis for selecting the past transactions or events that creates the liability. On the other hand conceptual framework provides that entity must have economic obligation at the balance sheet date instead of any time after balance sheet date (FASB, 2008). Thus, as such it can be said that conceptual accounting framework has not proved too successful in bringing major changes in the financial reporting. Therefore, it is required that the framework should aim to legitimize current accounting practices and also emphasizes on meeting the social and economic status of the business entities. The legitimization is achieved through meeting the following objectives of conceptual accounting framework as follows: Defining the financial reporting objectives Defining the qualitative features of financial information Definition, recognizing and measuring the financial statements elements Defining the concepts of capital maintenance The business entities need to develop and disclose the financial information about their accounting transactions through adopting the accounting principles provided by the conceptual accounting framework. The legitimization of current accounting practices by the development of conceptual accounting framework also drives the preparation of international accounting standards. The social, economic and political factors also play a major role in influencing the development of standard accounting policies and practices (Conceptual framework for financial reporting, 2017.). The conceptual accounting framework helps the business entities to meet their social and economic challenges as well. This is because the qualitative characteristics of conceptual framework require business to provide complete and all necessary information relating toe the business operations. Thus, as such business entities are required to disclose their financial as well as non-financial performance through the adopti on of conceptual framework. The conceptual framework should also aim to provide relevant and reliable information regarding the social and economic performance of an entity. This is necessary to protect the needs of secondary user of financial reports such as consumers and overall communities besides investors. Therefore, the conceptual accounting framework can bring major changes in disclosure pattern of business through meeting the requirements of overall users of a business entity besides only directed to primary users. In addition to this, the conceptual accounting framework should also aim to staves off public sector attempts for controlling accounting standard setting. The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASAB) is developed with the main aim of developing international accounting standards to be followed for financial reporting. The IPSASAB mainly aims to establish high standards of reporting for public sector entities. This is because public sector accounts for a larger proportion of government expenditure and is undergoing rapid changes with the growth in the public services demand. The ACCA ins this context has undertaken the responsibility of developing accounting standards for financial reporting of public sector companies in order to ensure their higher quality financial reporting. This would helps in improving the financial management of public sector firms thus leading to their increased performance and profitability. The IPSAS standard would deal with the specif ic public sector issues for which there does not exists any IFRS standards. As such, it can be said that public sector companies would be supervised and controlled by the development of public sector boards and not by IASB. As such, the development of conceptual accounting framework would assist the IASB in gaining control over the public sector companies as well (Setting high professional standards for public services around the world, 2017). The conceptual accounting framework qualitative characteristics would assist the public sector companies as well to disclose complete and relevant information about the financial performance. The conceptual accounting framework adoption would help the public sector companies to be accountable to the public. The public sector companies need to promote stewardship in their business operations through serving the interests of society, environment, employees and other stakeholders (Johnson and Duberley, 2000). The conceptual accounting framework also promotes accountability in business operations and therefore its adoption in public sector companies would help them to meet the needs of its different stakeholders by maintaining transparency in the business operations. Therefore, it can be said that the development of conceptual accounting framework staves off public sector attempts to control accounting standard setting. Conclusion Thus, it can be said from the overall discussion held in the essay that conceptual accounting framework should aim to legitimize current practice, helps in disclosing the social and economic performances and staves off the control of public sector boards on accounting processes for bring major changes in the business entities disclosures. The current conceptual accounting framework has not caused large changes in the information disclosure pattern of business entities. This is due to its limited use as the new accounting standards such as SAC 4 are causing large problems in front of business entities. References Australian Accounting Standards Board. 2001. Definition and Recognition of the Elements of Financial Statements. [Online]. Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/SAC4_3-95.pdf [Accessed on: 13 October 2017]. Conceptual framework for financial reporting. 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://catalogue.pearsoned.co.uk/assets/hip/gb/hip_gb_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/KothariCh2.pdf [Accessed on: 13 October 2017]. Crowther, D. and Lancaster, G. 2008. Research Methods: A Concise Introduction to Research in Management and Business Consultancy. 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. FASB. 2008. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKELEMENTS AND RECOGNITION. [Online]. Available athttps://www.fasb.org/project/cf_phase-b.shtml [Accessed on: 13 October 2017]. Gaffikin, M., Dagwell, R. and Wines, G. 2003. Corporate Accounting in Australia. UNSW Press. Godfrey and Jayne, M. 2010. Accounting Theory. John Wiley Sons. Hoffman, C.W. 2016. Revising the Conceptual Framework of the International Standards: IASB Proposals Met with Support and Skepticism. World Journal of Business and Management 2 (1), pp. 1-32. Horngren, C. et al. 2012. Financial Accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hussey, R. and Ong, A. 2017. Corporate Financial Reporting. Springer. Johnson, P., and Duberley, J. 2000. Understanding Management Research: An Introduction to Epistemology. London: SAGE. Kabalski, P. 2009. Comments on the Objective of Financial Reporting in the Proposed New Conceptual Framework. Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics 2 (4), pp.95-111. Setting high professional standards for public services around the world. 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/acca/global/PDF-technical/public-sector/tech-tp-shps4.pdf [Accessed on: 13 October 2017].

Monday, December 2, 2019

The performance of organizations

Executive Summary The performance of organizations is greatly affected by a number of variables. These are customer satisfaction, forecasting, capacity planning, location, inventory management, layout of the store and scheduling. Secondary data from diverse publications vividly show that the internal and external environments, where operations of most firms revolve, are greatly affected by these variables. It is therefore important to examine how and why these variables lead to the successful performance of firms as is the aim of the current project.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The performance of organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction The aim of this project is to study how and why certain factors affect the successful performance of an organization. The factors are customer satisfaction, forecasting, capacity planning, location, inventory management, layout of the store and scheduling. T he first part deals with research methodology, the second part reveals the main project findings, the third part entails the analysis, and interpretation of the findings and the last section comprises of conclusion and recommendations. Research Methodology Data Collection Method Secondary Data The factors under study that affect the operations of various have been found to affect numerous business organizations. Due to this, terabytes of data have been collected and analyzed by several reputable scholars, credible economists, and excellent researchers on the same. Secondary data was therefore the kind of data that was found to be appropriate for this project. The selected secondary data makes use of published data that is already available in books, reports, and publications of several organizations and linked to business and industry, technical and trade journals, and, other sources of published information (Kothari, 2008, p. 111). In the process of collection of these data, cautio n was taken due to the uncertainties that may that may arise due to the circumstances that surrounded those who compiled the data or because of varying intellectual interpretations. Therefore, to ensure that sufficient caution was exercised in the entire data collection process, the published secondary data was selected based on the following features: Dependability of data To establish that the data to be used in this project was reliable, it was subjected to several tests that entailed some aspects like who carried out the data collection? From what sources was the data obtained? Were suitable methods applied in the process of data collection? When was the data collected? Was the one compiling data biased in any way? Was there a degree of accuracy that was intended? Was this degree of accuracy attained? Appropriateness of Data The data that fits a certain enquiry may not necessarily be applicable in another research. In particular, if the data at hand is inappropriate, it cannot b e applied by someone else conducting the research.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In regard to this, the researcher is supposed to cautiously put under scrutiny the definition of certain terms and tenets of compilation that were applicable in extracting the data from primary sources initially. On the same note, the object, spectrum, and environment of the initial enquiry should also be studied. Incase the researcher encounters disparities, the data will remain unfitting for the current research, and it will not therefore be incorporated in the study. Sufficiency of Data If the degree of accuracy obtained in the data is found to be inadequate for the use in the current research, they will be termed as insufficient and hence unsuitable to be used by the researcher. Another base on which data may be regarded as insufficient is when they are suitable to be applied in a study wh ose scope may be either narrower or wider than the scope of the study involved in the current research. Therefore, due to the risks involved in the use of the available data, the current research, the secondary sources used in the current research have been selected based on their suitability, reliability, and sufficiency. Therefore, the project is intended to study why and how the following factors are significant to the successful operations of an organization: Customer satisfaction Forecasting Capacity planning Location Inventory management Layout of the store Scheduling Findings Customer Satisfaction Huselid, Becker, and Beatty are three scholars who have an innovative expertise in business and economics. They concede that even though the strategic objective of a retail organization is to maximize sales, this goal cannot be attained in the absence of customer satisfaction. This customer satisfaction, they argue, is partly motivated by an improved purchasing experience (Huselid , Becker and Beatty, 2008, p. 12). Their analyses reveal that improved buying experience is influenced by customer service, and specifically, the conduct of front marketing staff, which may include being kind, enlightened about the products and customer needs and being timely. There are therefore specific jobs and labor force demeanors that influence the purchasing experience of customers. Research conducted at Price Club business organization shows that in this organization, the clients require a clean retail store with accessible advertised products. In this organization, the front line employers may not influence the purchasing experience of the customers except by ensuring adequate stocking of the shelves, coherent arrangement, and necessary changes. Their strategic importance is therefore restricted in this case.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The performance of organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alternatively, broadly put, the purchasing experience of customers in this organization is driven by the price. Thus, customer satisfaction is the key to success in any organization although the qualifications and behaviors of the employees that trigger customer satisfaction vary from one organization to another (Huselid, Becker and Beatty, 2008, p. 13). John Oakland, a business management expert echoes the fact that the goal of all work and attempts to make progress is to be committed to attending to the customers in a proper way. This requires the organization to be hitherto conversant with how effective its outputs are performing before customers through evaluation and feedback. Although the most crucial clients are the external ones, anything can change in the course of business operation. In particular, internal customers ought to be accorded quality service if the external ones should be satisfied (Oakland, 2004, p. 449). Forecasting Suntanto, a reputable scholar and lectur er in management asserts that at the start, managers are supposed to assess the future supply of workforce, both in the internal and external environment of the organization (Suntanto, 2004, p. 2). In addition, the future demand for particular numbers and kinds of employees ought to be ascertained. In particular, the analyses for supply and demand are supposed to be done differently. The chief reason for this is that supply forecasts are mainly dependent on the internal factors of the organization, which include staff turnover, retirement rates, relocations, and promotions. On the contrary, demand forecasts are dependent on external factors such as demand for goods and services. There are two main categories under which demand and supply-forecasting techniques fall. These are qualitative and quantitative forecasting techniques. Qualitative forecasting techniques are basically intelligent anticipations or estimates from people who have some previous knowledge regarding the number of employees, and, demand and supply of products. The data for the four main qualitative techniques have been tabulated below. It briefly highlights the technique and its explanation. Qualitative Technique Explanation . Nominal assembly At least four individuals are accorded an opportunity to air their opinions about forecasts in work force. After all members have submitted their views, the team then discusses the opinions aired and eventually agrees on the ultimate judgment based on a ballot. Delphi Method A facilitator gathers written views from expert regarding forecasts in labor. After collecting all views, a synopsis is made and given to the experts. The experts do not interact face-to-face but the facilitator coordinates them. Replacement arrangement Charting methods are used to come up with forecasting estimates. They recognize current labor states and their significant details. Allocation arrangement The movement of workers through the organizational structure is used to deduce judgments on labor supply or demand Quantitative forecasting techniques are certain quantitative elements that are used in the forecasting of demand supply and work force. Data on the methods and their explanations is shown in the table below (Suntanto, 2004, p. 3).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Technique Explanation Regression model Changes in work force levels are forecasted using relevant factors like sales. Time-series model Changes in work force levels are projected by isolating tendencies, recurrent, recurring and irregular effects Economic model Changes in work force levels are forecasted using a particular kind of the production function. Linear programming model Structural and environmental restraints are used to project labor levels. Markov model Fluctuations in workforce levels are forecasted using past change rates. Forecasting the supply, demand, and labor enables an organization to get the proper staff for its positions at the correct time. This enables the organization to have a suitable competitive edge in the world market, which enhances success in its operations (Suntanto, 2004, p. 7). Capacity Planning Capacity planning is the process of ascertaining both the long-term and short-term capacity requirements of an organiza tion and then establishing a way of satisfying these requirements (Panneerselvam, 2006, p. 46). Long-term Capacity Approaches An organization’s management may employ the following approaches in an attempt to deal with key changes in its commodities that should be provided to the clients, which will eventually have a great effect on the capacity. The main adjustments will then alter the demand and resource needs. The approaches include: Devising new product lines Enlarging current facilities Putting up or eliminating production plants. Outdatedness in technology may cause some organizations to plan for a new model even if the current one is operating well. This applies mainly in the electronic industry where there ought to be ongoing research and development to better the operational aspects of the product via the latest technology. This will enable the organization to bring to the market products that are of high quality that will improve the demand, sales, and profitabilit y. Moreover, the demand for some products fades with time. This causes the company to either eliminate such products or introduce new ones that will suit the customer needs (Panneerselvam, 2006, p. 47). Short-term Capacity Approaches In short-term capacity planning, decisions are made based on the changes in demand based on recurring and fiscal factors. The aim of short term capacity planning is to attend to changes in demand that may arise in the course of short term planning prospect. Examples of short-term approaches are hiring, firing and overtime (Panneerselvam, 2006, p. 47). Location Abrams and Kleiner present their views with regard to how and why location is crucial to the successful operation of an organization. They argue that a retail business is supposed to be situated close to customers who will in turn raise the organization’s sales volume. Secondly, both manufacturing and distribution organizations are supposed to be near a good transport network and should be located close to suppliers. This will enable such firms to carry out the manufacture and transportation of their products in not only a timely manner, but also in a cost-effective way. In the end, saving on time and costs will enable the firms to succeed in their transactions (Abrams and Kleiner, 2003, p. 157). Inventory Management Whereas inventory may be said to a list of products contained in the stock of an organization, inventory management refers to specifying the quantity and placement of stocked products. It is designed within an organization or at different locations of a supply chain to prevent the planned production process against insufficiency of materials or goods. In health care organizations, cost effectiveness is very imperative tool in performance. Healthcare managers resort to several types of inventory management. These include conventional inventory management, Just-in-time, single or multiple vendor associations, just to name a few. A system that works well for one health organization may not be applicable to another organization. Being acquainted with most of the systems makes it possible to identify the one that can suit the needs of an organization. Cost effectiveness of an inventory function is not dependent on the kind of system that the organization adapts. It is rather dependent on the some rudimentary changes. Examples of such changes are the computerization of product functions, interconnection of both clinical and fiscal systems, bottom line size, and the devolution of the inventory management role (Ozcan, 2009, p. 268). The era of microcomputers has facilitated opportunities changing routine duties to enhance efficiency and performance. For instance, tasks from users in various institutions can be easily transferred through the computer before being directed to vendors who are ready to offer online approval. In addition, these continuous routine tasks create databases of use, price, and other details that are important to the o rganization’s future planning (Ozcan, 2009, p. 268). Layout of the store Study from Lewis and Slack (reputable operation managers) reveal that service based environments play a significant role because they ensure that particular customer needs are met following fulfillment of certain tasks by the staff. Store layout and functionality of the physical surrounding are very essential. Store layout refers to the way equipment, furniture, machinery has been positioned, the capacity they occupy, and how they compare in the space they occupy. Functionality on the other hand means the capacity of these items to enhance both performance and the attainment of the organization’s goals. A lot of experimental research in organizational psychology has revealed impacts of store layout and functionality aspects, always from the standpoint of the staff workers. However, little has been researched on the effect of store layout and functionality on clients within commercial service surro undings (Lewis and Slack, 2003, p. 517). What ought to be noted here is that store layout and functionality dimension is exceptionally important to clients in environments that require them to conduct self-service where they are required to carry out majority of the duties without necessarily seeking assistance from employees who work there. In the same vein, if the functions to be performed by the clients are more intricate, efficacy of layout and functionality will be paramount compared to if the tasks were less complicated and ordinary (Lewis and Slack, 2003, p. 517). Thus, based on the nature of the tasks and the setting, it is important to assess the layout and functionality of the organization to ensure that there is better customer service and hence successful business operation Scheduling According to Ozcan, scheduling is part of the duties of workload management. It aims at establishing the time that each employee is supposed to be present or away from duty apart from revea ling on which shifts the employees work. Staffing, scheduling, and reallocation are the three duties of workload management go a long way to affect performance and performance related factors such as work fulfillment levels, and how the organization will utilize its employees (Ozcan, 2009, p. 162-163). In healthcare settings, the types of scheduling employed are cyclical and flexible scheduling. The former is where work schedule can be regarded as permanent or discretionary. Under this kind of schedule, workers do not alternate shifts (Ozcan, 2009, p. 191). Flexible scheduling is where without changing the number of weekly working time, employees are given the freedom to choose the time they should begin their workday. Analysis and Interpretation Data from several credible and reputable scholars reveal that all the seven variables that is customer satisfaction, forecasting, capacity planning, location, inventory management, layout of the store and scheduling are all vital in the suc cessful operations of a business organization. First, customer satisfaction is determined by both the behavior of front marketing staff and the price of the products. This is mainly common in retail organizations. How front marketing staffs behave influences the buying experience of customers. A good buying experience increases sales volume and in turn boosts the organization’s profitability. Second, with regard to forecasting, an organization is supposed to anticipate the future of its demand and supply of labor force. This is meant to ensure that there are no unnecessary deficiencies. Both qualitative and quantitative mechanisms are used and doing this enables the organization to employ the right staff who will in turn render quality services to it, making it competitive and able to meet the demands of the dynamic world. Third, capacity planning affects manufacturing companies and it involves coming up with either short term or long-term mechanisms that may affect both clie nts and the company’s capacity. Any adopted strategy is meant to boost the operation of the company. Fourth, the location of an organization should be closer to the customers and near raw materials and suppliers. This enhances cost effectiveness and maximizes gains. Fifth, inventory management aims at ensuring that the organization’s stock is up to date thus eliminating chances of deficits, which may curtail its performance. Sixth, the store layout has a functional and spatial dimension. The former enhances both the performance and attainment of the firm’s objectives while the latter necessitates proper customer service that is vital to the success of the business. Finally, scheduling is a program that works at establishing when an employee is on or off duty. It determines both job performance and job satisfaction among employees. Conclusions and Recommendations Several reputable scholars have conducted research and presented credible findings regarding how succ essful business operations emanate from the seven variables (customer satisfaction, location, schedule, inventory management, capacity planning, store lay out, and forecasting). The findings from the selected credible secondary sources show a direct relationship between how these factors affect both internal and external aspects of the organization. Labor, customer relations, manufacturing process, time, and profitability are a firm’s operational variables that have been seen to be affected by the seven factors. On the other hand, it is recommended that first, more research should be done to show how scheduling affects the success in operations of other types of organizations apart from the health organization. Secondly, more research ought to be done to reveal how customers in commercial surroundings are affected by store layout. References Abrams, R. and Kleiner, E. (2003). The successful Business Plan: Strategies and Secrets. Ontario: The Planning Shop. Huselid, A., Becker , B., and Beatty, R. (2008). The Workforce Scorecard: Managing Human Capital to Execute Strategy. MA: Harvard Business Press. Lewis, M. and Slack, N. (2003). Operations Management: Critical Perspectives on Business and Management. NY: Routledge. Oakland, J. S. (2004). Quality Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Ozcan, Y.A. (2009). Quantitative Methods in Health care Management: Techniques and Applications. San Francisco: John Wiley Sons Inc. Panneerselvam, R. (2005). Production and Operations Management. New Delhi: Prentice Hall. Suntanto, E. M. (2004). Forecasting the Key to Successful Human Resource Management. Web. This essay on The performance of organizations was written and submitted by user Jared Woodward to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Finding Peace Essays - Peace And Conflict Studies, Nonviolence

Finding Peace Conflicts can occur at home, work, or with any everyday situation. The causes for any conflict can result from many possibilities, but the cause is sometimes misunderstood. The Anatomy of Peace explains how to get past any and all factors that may contribute to a problem/conflict. Getting past self-justifying reactions and pre-mature judgement can help with seeing the world clearly and dealing with conflicts effectively. The Anatomy of Peace provides the choice between peace and the war that lies within all of us, but it is up to the individual to decide which path to take. The Anatomy of Peace is about relationships; about the relationship each of us have within ourselves and, as a result, with others. Having heart at peace allows one to see the humanity in others, and being able to see humanity in yourself which will create positive relationships (124-125). Having a healthy relationship with another person is an important aspect everyone should incorporate within their lives to have stronger, everlasting connections with others. Heart at peace shows how to replace conflict with cooperation (201). The contrast to heart at peace is heart at war, which incorporates a blaming game. Heart at war doesn't allow for individuls to have an open mind and allows judgement. Relationships cannot be based on judgement and blame; therefore, heart at war is something everyone should avoid. The Anatomy of Peace starts off with parents trying to deal with their troubled teenagers. Yusuf al-Falah, an Arab, and Avi Rozen, a Jew, organized a treatment program for children who are in trouble, and created a workshop for concerned parents. Both al-Falah and Rozen lost their fathers in the Middle East conflict, and each have found healing through one another despite their ethnic rivals. Rozen and al-Falah help warring parents and children to come together by showing them there is a way out of the struggles that may weigh someone down. Lou Herbert, one of the parents attending the workshop because of the trouble his son Cory has recently gotten into is not in agreement to the ideas of resolving conflict. Although the workshop is intended to help the parents deal with conflict, Mr. Herbert was not as accepting to ideal that the conflict that surrounds his son may include him as well. Herbert explained, "Sorry to speak so plainly, but I'm not here to celebrate my child's achieveme nts. Frankly, I'm royally pissed at him" (12). Although Lou Herbert has every right to be upset, he is not allowing himself to collect the information that the workshop is providing to resolve any underlying conflict. The workshop is very important for the parents because it is allowing the parents to learn about understanding instead of using blame as the key concept in any conflict. al-Falah explains to Herbert that conflict is not just among one person, but consists in all of us, and usually when a conflict is apparent it involves more than one person. Lou Herbert believes his son needs to be fixed in some way-changed, motivated, disciplined, corrected (13). Because Mr. Herbert puts all the blame on his son, and doesn't understand the Pyramid of Change yet, his heart is at war. "When our hearts are at war, we not only invite failure, we invest in it" (38). The Pyramid of Change is a guide for those who want to follow a series of levels in order to build strong relationships with others. This pyramid prompts individuals to look for solutions to a problem at a deeper level because conflicts can be complicated, but there are multiple ways to solve a problem; one must be able to find different ways to defuse a conflict/problem.. At the top of the Pyramid of Change it begins with correct, then downwards to teach and communicate, listen and learn about the person's world, build the relationship, build relationships with others who have influence on the person, and finally get out of the box/obtain a heart at peace (211). The Pyramid of Change is effective because the solution to a problem at one level of the pyramid is always below that level of the pyramid (215). Changing involves dedication and corporation among anyone who is involved with a conflict,

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Research Methods Using Qualitative Designs Example

Research Methods Using Qualitative Designs Example Research Methods Using Qualitative Designs – Coursework Example Research Methods using Qualitative Designs The incessant incidences of social problems such as obesity, poverty and diabetes 2 have necessitated the use of qualitative research techniques as governments and humanitarian agencies strive to find lasting solution to the challenges that are threatening to engrave the contemporary society. Tight and loose research designs have both been formulated to aid in the research in various incidences. The outright confirmatory nature of qualitative designs obliges use of loose designs that allow the researcher to fully explore concepts and obtainment of data through voluminous case studies as compared to tight designs which are efficient but lack the apposite sample size to authenticate a pattern of occurrence. Prior to a research, a researcher must determine the conceptual framework which sustains formulation of the null and alternative hypotheses by mapping the concepts under investigation. The hypothesis and axioms identified in a case scenario authenticates the need for research. In social sciences, quantitative techniques are perceived to be inappropriate due to the nature of information required and research studies. Qualitative data using sampling methods such as random sampling, simple and stratified sampling enable sociologists obtain finer details regarding a situation. Qualitative data assortment and analysis are labor intensive but can be conducted meritoriously using overwhelmingly small focus groups, narratives, questionnaires and interviews, satisfactory data to answer the research question can be generated. Graphical representation is aided by use of advanced software including SPSS and Epi-info which allows researchers to conduct an in-depth analysis of the raw data. Researchers continue using qualitative data in investigating various sociological aspects due to the presence of improved technology that supports through analysis. Conceptualization, rationality, consistency and efficiency have been augmented a nd better public policies formulated and implemented due to concrete and pertinent deductions derived from researches.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Common Symptoms of Eye Strain

Common Symptoms of Eye Strain Vision-intensive tasks like reading or computer work can cause the muscles in the eye severe stress, ultimately resulting in a condition known as asthenopia, or eye strain. Straining your eye muscles can produce a variety of symptoms, which means  eye strain can be a debilitating repetitive stress injury. Furthermore, you may not even recognize some of these symptoms as â€Å"eye† problems as the symptoms are typically nonspecific. However, once you understand that these issues can point to  symptoms of eye strain you are well on your way to treating eye strain or preventing eye strain entirely. Symptoms of Eye Strain Due to overwork and repetitive stress, the muscles in your eyes fatigue. The primary symptom associated with early stages of eye strain typically involve the head, neck, or backaches or dizziness and lightheadedness, and although these early symptoms may point to general work-related soreness, its best to give your body a break if you begin to feel pain near or around the eyes. Prolonged, intensive use of the eyes cause their ciliary muscles to tighten, often resulting in spasms or twitches around the eyes. This is the earliest sign directly indicative of eye strain and can intensify to include heaviness of eyelids, blurred or double vision, tired or sore eyes, or even overly watery, itchy or dry eyes.   If left untreated and exposed to continued stress, the pain can intensify resulting in a burning sensation, even with eyes closed.   Other nonspecific symptoms include car sickness, nausea, reading problems, lack of concentration, and general fatigue.   Treating Eye Strain Symptoms Although many of the above symptoms do not directly point to eye strain, if you begin experiencing more than one of these symptoms while undergoing eye-intensive tasks, it is best to take a break and assess your overall well-being. Your first response should be to cease the activity causing tension, close your eyes and relax for five to ten minutes. If you are reading, especially on a computer screen, and begin to experience these symptoms, it is best to allow your eyes and the ciliary muscles to relax by focusing away from the reading material. Focus instead on an object considerably further away. This relaxes the strained muscles of your eye and interrupts the repetitive stress of continued reading. Doing this over the course of working on eye-intensive tasks may reduce your chance of straining your eyes.   If your symptoms do not lessen as a result, you may have over-stressed your eyes. In this case, the best solution is to turn out all the lights in the room and allow your eyes to fully relax in the dark. If you are experiencing a burning sensation even with your eyes closed, covering them with a cold compress (nothing too cold, like ice) should alleviate some of the tenderness. Over time of non-use, your eyes will recover on their own. If symptoms continue to occur, even after a long rest, consult your physician as this may be indicative of a larger optical issue.   Effects of Eye Strain Chronic eye strain may also be a significant factor in learning and attention problems. Without the ability to see or read without significant discomfort, you may find yourself unable to retain information due to the distraction of pain. Chronic pain, if left untreated, may cause your vision to suffer, eventually resulting in blindness. Fortunately, diagnosing eye strain is rather easy since these symptoms typically only appear during a visually intensive task. When youre undergoing such stressful work, be sure to be aware of the fatigue of your eyes. Take breaks often and desist if eye pain continues for more than 30 minutes.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Comparisons Between Two Movie Trailers Essays

Comparisons Between Two Movie Trailers Essays Comparisons Between Two Movie Trailers Essay Comparisons Between Two Movie Trailers Essay Both the trailers of Gladiator and Pokemon show their titles at the end. This gives a dramatic line up towards the title. Both titles are shown very well. There are loud thumps and the fonts of the titles make connection to its background and sound effects. In the trailers, this happens with all the big names including actors and directors. Both Gladiator and Pokemon are action packed, so their genres are action-adventure. The trailer of Gladiator, however, shows more violence in terms of blood and gore. On the other hand, Pokemon shows the kind of violence that is suitable for children. The older, more mature person may find the trailer of Pokemon less interesting, as firstly it shows bright colours in two- dimensional characters therefore being a cartoon, and secondly, all cartoons are based at children and he or she may find the trailer childish and boring. Even though the trailer of Gladiator shows more violence, the two trailers are similar in the way they show their action packed parts. The visual effects in each trailer show tiny flashes or linkages that bring the next frame to sight. The audio effects also make the audience more aware of what type of film it is. Gladiator starts with loud, heavy drum beats that are very powerful and helps notice what kinds of things the trailer is going to possess. From these drum beats there are louder sections of music, which match with the visuals. Together, we notice that the trailer will show action. In Pokemon, there is a heavy voice over which easily gives away the movie genre. As the voice has a powerful, calling effect, we not only notice what type of genre the trailer will show, but we also notice how demanding the trailer becomes because of it. For example, it is as if a person is calling you from the kitchen to come and see the trailer. Also, the music in the back fits in with the low voice and together they form the ultimate dynamic duos. Gladiator has an obvious unique selling point. It is Russell Crowe. Throughout each frame we see parts that link in with Russell Crowe. When we are told that Russell Crowe is starring in the film, by his name coming up in a black screen, we are straight after shown a mid shot from a camera pointing up at Russell Crowe in a mise en scene. This gives an overpowering effect and tells the audience that this is one of his movies where he means business. Even more, people who watch over trailers will see that in the last frame of the trailer, the name Russell Crowe appears before the title itself. This is called an A list and shows that Russell Crowe is the main actor of the film. The unique selling point of the Pokemon trailer is somewhat different to an actual man in Gladiator. As visual effects of the trailer are always based on Pokemon, we know that the unique selling point cannot be anything else but the title of the trailer itself. The Pokemon craze was very well set up. When it spread to western countries including England, every child had to watch Pokemon television programmes, have their own set of Pokemon cards, toys and videos. When the trailer was released every child had to go and see the movie it brought with it. So the unique selling point is far less materialised, but is the actual Pokemon craze itself. In the Pokemon trailer, although we are made to believe the fight is between Mew and Mewtwo, we see many of the Pokemon in trailer wandering about or in the battles themselves. But even then we see that the craze is far more powerful than any other specific unique selling point. Therefore by analysing both the genres of the trailers and their unique selling points we are able to see the target audiences that the directors are selecting. The target audiences for Gladiator are those who enjoy blood and gore, and those that like or would die for Russell Crowe. Target audiences for the Pokemon trailer are those who enjoy cartoons and those who are mentally and physically obsessed with the Pokemon itself i.e. children. We can say mentally and physically because of the Pokemon craze. By mentally, I mean those children or people who enjoy watching and thinking about Pokemon. By physically, I mean those children or people who like collecting Pokemon toys and cards. In addition to the less detailed trailers, the Pokemon trailer is clever in the way that it involves its target audience: Bring all YOUR skill. This allows the target audience to be allowed to have permission to feel like they are in an actual arena instead of feeling as if they are in the same old cinem a. All movies have some kind of an advertisement. An advertisement is the act of advertising or making something known, in this case the movie, using any means of device, for obtaining public notice or notoriety. Whether it be a trailer or a poster, the whole point of them are to lure people who enjoy the kind of setting it portrays (target audience). All advertisements have their target audiences, unique selling points, genre, and show who directed the film, who acts in the film and has to show the title of the film. The adverts have visual and audio effects, which portray these subjects. As both of the trailers show these subjects very well with special effects, both the trailers were known for their class and showings of these subjects. For example, this year at the Oscars, Gladiator was awarded best picture and picked up four other Oscars as well. Russell Crowe was awarded best leading actor for his appearances in his movie premier, Gladiator. The other Oscars the movie won were Best costume design, sound and visual effects. This shows that because of the vast amount of publicity that the advertisements of Gladiator brought, so many people went to see the movie, that in the end it was awarded all those Oscars.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The impact on proposed electrofication in the UK to railway Essay

The impact on proposed electrofication in the UK to railway infrastructure design - Essay Example closures followed after the issue of the Serpell report, which sought to secure improved financial results for the Railways (www.railwaysarchive.co.uk). This has however, only led to road congestion and according to the figures released by the Department of the environment, transport and the regions (DETR), 7% of the road network suffers congestion and 13% suffers heavy congestion for at least half of the year (DETR, 2000:41). Development of the rail network and its electrification has been mooted as a solution to the road congestion problem. The operation of rail services includes the operation of the infrastructure, such as the track and signalling, as well as the operation of freight and passenger services. This study will examine the proposals for rail electrification in the U.K. and its potential impact, to assess the benefits and costs, in order to derive a plan that can be applied for modification of the rail transport network. The Government has recently announced a plan to spend  £1 billion to electrify the rail lines between London and Swansea (BBC News Report, 2009). Existing diesel lines are also proposed to be converted to electric, because the benefits are likely to be cheaper, cleaner and more reliable transport. Therefore it has been suggested that despite the initial large investments in infrastructure that would need to be made, it is likely to be beneficial since the investment would pay for itself over a 40 year period and there would be no increase in fares. In arguing in favour of electrifying the rail network into Wales, Barry (2009) has argued that rail electrification would have a beneficial effect on the economy, despite the infrastructure changes that would be required. This infrastructure expense is considerable and has been estimated to be from about  £800,000 to  £1m, while the amount of track that needs to be covered would be about 90 miles, thereby bringing the costs to  £90m. But the benefits which would result include the

Five Steps to Making a Million in Nursing Speech or Presentation

Five Steps to Making a Million in Nursing - Speech or Presentation Example Therefore, before starting a business, you are required to have a plan (Sapp & Harnish, 2004). The five steps are intended to help you formulate a goal, structure plans and get you well on the way to achieving your goal of starting and running a business that can help you make millions capitalizing on the breadth of knowledge and skills that you have as nurses. Are you ready to take this journey with me? Let’s get started. I. Step 1: Assess The first essential step toward planning, starting and eventually operating a business successfully is conducting an assessment or a â€Å"personal inventory† (Gillespie-Brown, 2008, p. 62). What you want to do is to identify what you need to start your business and have a good idea of what you have and what you don’t have. In other words, you will have to know what personal and material resources you will need to start and run a business and you will also need to know what personal and material resources you do have and do no t have. You must conduct this assessment honestly and while identifying your weak spots, you must concentrate on your strengths. I know it is difficult for some people to acknowledge their shortcomings. If you don’t acknowledge your shortcomings in planning your business, you will not compensate for them and this will present obstacles to success later on. For example, if you plan to start a senior nursing home business and your strengths are in paediatric care, you should know that you might need additional training in senior care. When you take this approach, you might very well find that your expertise in paediatric care can be transferred over to senior care. You see, if you don’t acknowledge your shortcomings, you will not be able to fully capitalize on your strengths. People... I know it is difficult for some people to acknowledge their shortcomings.   If you don’t acknowledge your shortcomings in planning your business, you will not compensate for them and this will present obstacles to success later on.   For example, if you plan to start a senior nursing home business and your strengths are in paediatric care, you should know that you might need additional training in senior care.   When you take this approach, you might very well find that your expertise in paediatric care can be transferred over to senior care.   You see, if you don’t acknowledge your shortcomings, you will not be able to fully capitalize on your strengths.   People are not particularly comfortable identifying their weaknesses. But of course, you are nurses and this is not something that nurses shy away from so we will move on.As we move on from taking a personal inventory, we want to conduct a business audit of our work history and experiences.   Your resourc es and skills acquired during your work experiences as nurses will be significant in the business that you will start.   As Gillespie-Brown (2008) suggests:...Many investors prefer funding entrepreneurs who show strong subject matter experience. Try and find a link between what you know and your business dream (p.64).  To get to this point where you want to find a link between what you know and your business dream you want to write out a biological profile.   This is how you conduct an inventory.  

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Property Prices in the UK Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Property Prices in the UK - Coursework Example Our null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis were as follows:H0: ÃŽ ¼w = ÃŽ ¼l (No significant difference in the two means) H1: ÃŽ ¼w ≠  ÃŽ ¼l (A significant difference exist between the two means)A t-test was used to ascertain whether the price data vary vastly, with regard to our assertion or it is steady. We opted for a t-test because, according to Dalgaard (2008), it is best suited for this work and it is easy to interpret. From the results of two sample, t-statistics tells how the mean of one population sample deviates from the mean of another population sample. It interprets the average of each property price and the mean difference between the two property sits. Moreover, t-test gives an explanation as to whether the difference in mean is statistically significant or not especially if the two populations, where the sample prices were gathered, have similar means.      We tabulated the sample prices for property news (sample w) and the sample prices for property live and then calculated the relevant summary statistics using STATA.  The variance of difference for the two means (sd2) was calculated as follows:sd2 = (sw2 / nw) + (sl2 / nl) = (108370.3/8) + (108725.4/7)  = 13546.29 +15532.2 sd2 = 29078.49 Therefore, sd = √29078.49 = 170.52 Our calculated t-statistics was therefore given as:  t = (ÃŽ ¼w – ÃŽ ¼l)/ sd = (85731 - 73329.71)/ 170.52 = 72.73 However, the tabulated t-value, at 13 degrees of freedom (8 + 7 -2) is given as 1.7709. Since the calculated t-statistics > the tabulated t-statistics, we reject Ho and conclude that the two means for the two property prices are significantly different at 5% significance level.