Marijuana Legalization Essay - 1982 Words

The legalization of marijuana in the United States is a long and historically debated subject. Pro-legalization advocates provide many reasons for the decriminalization of marijuana; some of the reasons include, zero recorded deaths from direct use, wasting tax-payer money prosecuting non-violent offenders, and prohibition promotes organized crime. Anti-legalization organizers condemn legalization due to marijuana being considered a gateway drug, moral and religious opposition, legalization could lead to harder drugs being legalized, and the fear that legalization would enable the drug to be more accessible to children. There are many positive and negative aspects of legalization, but personally I am in favor of legalization and†¦show more content†¦The beginning of prohibition of marijuana in the United States was marked by the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937; the act was drafted by Harry Anslinger, Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN). Anslinger was the cata lysts to â€Å"reefer madness†, the fear that marijuana can kill and make ordinary people go insane; he was repeatedly criticized for his harshness towards marijuana, â€Å"critics allege that Anslinger and the campaign against marijuana had an hidden agenda, DuPont petrochemical interests and William Randolph Hearst together created the highly sensational anti-marijuana campaign to eliminate hemp as an industrial competitor.† (Wikipedia) This misinformation spread like wildfire in the United States and still has roots in many Americans, as they pass this information down to newer generations. The criminalization of marijuana began with the Boggs Act of 1952, and was reinforced by the Narcotics Control Act or 1956. Mandatory sentencing began with these laws; â€Å"first-offense marijuana possession carried a minimum sentence of 2-10 years with a fine of up to $20,000.† (PBS) However, in 1970 Congress repealed mandatory sentencing for marijuana offences. Und er the Nixon administration in 1972, the Shafer Commission was appointed to consider laws regarding marijuana and determinedShow MoreRelatedThe Risk Of Legalization Of Marijuana Essay722 Words   |  3 PagesThe risk of Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana, as we know, is a kind of drug. According to Thompson (2015), marijuana is not only one kind of drug, but also can be used as a medicinal material. The reason it can be a medicinal substance is that marijuana has a curative affect of relieving pain. Despite different states having a variety of regulations about the usage of marijuana, there is always one rule that is unified, which is the medicinal usage of marijuana must be approved by the FDA—theRead MoreLegalizing The Legalization Of Marijuana1012 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscourage is a way to fix the problem. Evident by Colorado and Washington, â€Å"the legalization of marijuana can stop most of these possession arrests† (Levine). After the first opening of the first retail marijuana stores on January 1, 2014, Colorado had decreased crime rates, decreased traffic fatalities and increase in economic output (DPA). Since 2010, the marijuana possession arrest have went down 84% since its legalization. The tact ic of legalizing, controlling, and discouraging has been proposed byRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana958 Words   |  4 PagesIt’s not as bad as smoking or drinking alcohol! The government knows what’s good for us! You can’t overdose on marijuana! Public schools told me â€Å"Be Healthy, don’t do drugs.† Arguments such as these are always thrown back and forth when going into a controversial conversation dealing with legalization of marijuana. Many people are on both ends of the spectrum when dealing with the legalization some may personally be involved due to run-ins with the law, family related issues, or personal beliefs. InRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesThere has been a debate over the legalization of marijuana since it was made illegal in the 1920s. There are opponents on both sides of the issue. There are many benefits to the legalization of marijuana, but there are also detrimental effe cts to society that are caused by marijuana use. These issues need to be debated to determine if the legalization of marijuana would benefit the United States. According to a 2003 Zogby poll, â€Å"the government should treat marijuana more or less the same way it treatsRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesLegalization of Marijuana The only way in which a human being can make some approach to knowing the whole of any subject is by hearing what can be said about it by persons of every variety of opinion and studying all modes in which in can be looked at by every character of mind. No wise man ever acquired his wisdom in any mode but this. - John Stuart Mill (Mill. 7). The topic of legalizing marijuana is a very conservational issue in American politics today. There are many good arguments bothRead MoreLegalization of Medical Marijuana Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Marijuana: A Topic Leaving People Up in Smoke Renee Grant ENC 1101-1002 Professor Bahle March 30, 2013 Medical Marijuana: A Topic Leaving People Up in Smoke Medical marijuana has been an ongoing fight between the federal government, physicians and patients. Contrary to many beliefs, marijuana, whether it is used for medical reasons or recreational is non-lethal. It has been proven to be useful in many medical conditions. There hasRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Should Not Be Beneficial1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana is such a growing debate in the United States, whether it’s on television, in the classroom, or in your own kitchen; you may find yourself debating about it with someone. You are either for it, against it, or indifferent. Either way you still have an opinion of some sort about the legalization of marijuana. Christopher Beach and William Bennett are no different. The release of their article on called â€Å"Legalize Juggernaut† on WeeklyStandard.com timing is perfect sinceRead MoreThe Truth Behind Marijuana Legalization1462 Words   |  6 PagesBehind Marijuana Marijuana is arguably the most controversial drug in history. In general, when someone hears the word â€Å"drugs† they think of a terrible substance that will destroy the human body. However bringing up marijuana, many people think of different things. Some think of a degenerate hippie, but many Americans simply do not know what to think, and bringing up the legalization of the substance is even more controversial. There is a large group of people that believe the legalization of marijuanaRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana or Cannabis is one of the bused drugs in America and the rest of the world. Interesting accumulating evidence show that the significant negative impact of this drug outweighs the positive effects. However, the medical benefits of the drug seem on the process of chemical compounds as compared to the drug itself. Medical debates show that chemical compound in marijuana are the problem as compared to the plant. The said chemical compound affects the mental and physical health of the personsRead MoreEssay on Speech on Legalization of Marijuana in Brazil870 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech on Legalization of Marijuana in Brazil Good morning class mates. 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Essential Strategy Advice and Tips

Question: Discuss about the Essential Strategy Advice and Tips. Answer: Introduction: Daniel the account manager of the Australian mobile market wants to perform the analysis of the target markets and the target audiences by setting few standards. So for him to market the product or the service it is quite important that the efforts in marketing and the sales have to be tailored[1]. This has to be done in the direction, especially for reaching the segment of the population, which would be more likely buying the product or the service. It is very critical that he has to determine or identify the primary market on the first go on a clear basis. Later the funds and the energies available can be spent more competently. Only if the customer base is known then it would be easy for the marketer to assess whether they are able to meet the needs of the target audiences or not[2]. The success for the phone manufacturer will completely depend on his abilities on meeting the requirements of the customers. Firstly, you need to identify your customer profile, their needs and wants, and what can they afford. Targeting the market will define the primary customer on a simple basis. Eventually, the market has to be quantifiable, satisfactorily huge and accessible. In the field of mobile marketing how the target markets can be segmented along with the identification of customers is illustrated. Understand the behavior of the mobile consumers: Figuring out the usage of the phone by the people can be as an important aspect as knowing the gender, income, and age of a person[3]. A marketing campaign has to be created for the 30-year old individual who is a tech-savvy person with the help of a phone model. This would give many ideas for the marketer than conducting a campaign for the 50-year individual who has no data plan. Daniel has to understand on the how the target audience will make use of the mobile devices. It will help him in creating the mobile campaign in an effective manner. Do research on the market: Knowing the target audience is highly critical. So the ads that are appealing have to be created with respect to the potential customers needs and wants. Research has to be conducted in an extensive manner for finding out the people to whom you are targeting to sell the product. Device targeting: The audience has to be engaged with the characteristics of the users device in which the manufacturer, the kind of model they are using, the operating system, the carrier testing, type of connection, functional analysis, etc. Analysis has to be carried out by taking different criteria into consideration[4]. For instance, if the company is selling the luxury products then the target audiences should be the high-end device users such as people using an iPhone or Samsung Galaxy, etc. for such analysis these people are considered too well-off. Knowing the OS: Some audience gives keen attention to the operating system, speed, space, etc. So the marketer should be aware of the devices which have come with the newest updates. Knowing the OS version that the user is using is very important because you are definitely not in the position of offering the target users with the version of OS that is not supported in the app[5]. What key messages would be conveyed and how would you ensure that it is fully integrated across the audiences so that there is a consistent story being conveyed to each audience? Positioning the product is considered to be an important element in the marketing plan. For this, some of the key messages are designed by the phone manufacturers and in turn, they would make sure of getting it integrated among the audiences in the way they convey. So for doing so product positioning is the tool used by the marketers as it is useful in determining the best ways of communication of the messages regarding the product characteristics to the audiences they have targeted[6]. This is actually done on the basis of the customer needs, the competitive pressures, and the channels that are available for communication with the help of well-crafted key messages. The basic characteristics of the mobile with the extra special features such as battery durability touch sensibility, the camera, device storage features are conveyed so that it appeals the audiences. The phone manufacturing company will give the assurance of providing the excellent services to the customers with warranty and guarantee for the devices purchased of their brand. They eventually make the customers believe about their growing abilities and the maintenance of the referral network with their customers The phone programs that are designed by them would be supporting all kinds of cellular phones is the fundamental message driven to customers. The most important aspect which they focus while conveying the messages to the customer is that they would respond immediately to the problems faced by customers with various products or plans[7]. The mission of the manufacturer will be mentioned as it is offering the mobile devices of high quality along with the services. They even say that personal attention will be given to the customers with the convenience and the rapid service The company introduces the audience about their unique features and the operating systems as these are the things which are considered by the customers on the primary basis. They promise the customers by offering the mobile devices at the reasonable prices when compared to the other competitors and allure the customers with their special features. All the above key messages that are conveyed to the customers can be expected to reach to them by having a look at the production demands on the quality of the product by the audiences. A survey can be conducted on the mobile device and its features which would give the best idea for the manufacturer in knowing the defaults and to rectify them. The rapid growth in the sales can be the positive sign of the kind of messages that are told to customers is maintaining the consistency and are trustworthy[8]. Feedback from the customers can be taken about the product so that the loopholes at which the company has to fit it can be known. By increase in the revenues of the company and its growth gives the idea of the popularity of the brand by conveying the messages. It can also be known from the increase in the number of its particular outlets and rise in demand for the product[9]. Try to estimate the reaction from the current phone manufacturers. Are retailers required for this product introduction? If retailers were to be used as information providers, how could this message be coordinated? With the development of the new phone with some specific advantages at the cost effective range would definitely give a competitive advantage to the other mobile manufacturers. This is because it can be expected that the sales of this mobile phone with low cost will be rapidly increased. It is the cost effective phone so will be chosen by most of the population since a larger portion of the Australian population consist of middle-level people thought this might be an added advantage for the consumers, but a big negative side effect for the mobile manufacturers[10]. The reaction that can be seen from the current mobile manufacturers is that they are making some new developments and are adding trends to their mobile phones between which it is locking horns with this new phone. So they are actually in the plan of developing such cost effective phone with limited features similar to the one that has been developed in their devices. The retailers are basically in the urge of changing the use of the mobile phone with the help of development of new technologies with respect to the interaction among the people all over the world. But this might change the thinking of the manufacturers since the competitiveness arising from the cost effective phone is higher in the marketplace, this might have a drastic effect on their market shares. If these retailers are used for the product information then they would make use of this product as the innovative new technology for making profits among their brands[11]. As the competition in the marketplace is quite high in between the officials and among the officials and the new entrants, the successful design of the cost effective phone with all the level of the high-end features will bring the success to the phone manufacturer[12]. As the maturity level is reached by the industry the competition will lay at the pricing, and the market will start to concentrate seriously as there are few factors which will influence the scale of economy for maintaining the significant and the positive margin in the market. References Baker, Michael J. Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Bosomworth, Danyl. "Mobile marketing statistics 2015." Leeds: Smart Insights (Marketing Intelligence) Ltd (2015). Goworek, Helen, and Peter McGoldrick. Retail Marketing Management: Principles and Practice. Pearson Higher Ed, 2015. Grant, Robert M. Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons, 20 Hollensen, Svend. Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education, 2015. Jacobs, Karen Ann. "A PrACtICAL guIde to A MArketIng strAtegY And PLAn." Marketing in an Audiology Practice (2015): 79. Koo, Kyong Ryul, Sang Jin Kim, and Kyung Hoon Kim. "The effects of internal marketing capability on export marketing strategy, B2B marketing mix and export performance." Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science 26, no. 1 (2016): 51-65. Kolb, Bonita M. Marketing Strategy for Creative and Cultural Industries. Routledge, 2016. Oyefesobi, Oluwakemi O., and Abiodun E. Alao. "Corporate Marketing Strategy and Attainment of Competitive Advantage: Evidence from Nigeria Money Deposit Banks." Covenant Journal of Business and Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (2017). Powers, Thomas L., and William Hahn. "The Impact of Strategic Plan Quality and Implementation on Firm Performance." In Assessing the Different Roles of Marketing Theory and Practice in the Jaws of Economic Uncertainty, pp. 195-195. Springer International Publishing, 2015. Walker, Steve. Social Media Marketing Tips: Essential Strategy Advice and Tips for Business Facebook, Twitter, Google+, YouTube, LinkedIn, Instagram and Much More!. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014. Westwood, John. How to write a marketing plan. Kogan Page Publishers, 2016.

The Tragedy Of Puddnhead Wilson monologue from the book by Mark Twain Essay Example For Students

The Tragedy Of Puddnhead Wilson monologue from the book by Mark Twain Essay A monologue from the book by Mark Twain NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Tragedy of Pudd\nhead Wilson And The Comedy Of Those Extraordinary Twins. Mark Twain. Hartford: American Publishing Co., 1894. ROXY: Shet down dat light a little. More. More yit. A pusson dat is hunted don\t like de light. Dahdat\ll do. I kin see whah you is, en dat\s enough. I\s gwine to tell you de tale, en cut it jes as short as I kin. Dat man dat bought me ain\t a bad man; he\s good enough, as planters goes; en if he could \a\ had his way I\d \a\ be\n a house servant in his fambly en be\n comfortable: but his wife she was a Yank, en not right down good lookin\, en she riz up agin me straight off; so den dey sent me out to de quarter \mongst de common fiel\ han\s. Dat woman warn\t satisfied even wid dat, but she worked up de overseer ag\in\ me, she \uz dat jealous en hateful; so de overseer he had me out befo\ day in de mawnin\s en worked me de whole long day as long as dey\uz any light to see by; en many\s de lashin\s I got \ca\se I couldn\t come up to de work o\ de stronges\. Dat overseer wuz a Yank too, outen New Englan\, en anybody down South kin tell you what dat mean. DEY knows how to work a nigger to death, en dey knows how to whale \em toowhale \em till dey backs is welted like a washboard. \Long at fust my marster say de good word for me to de overseer, but dat \uz bad for me; for de mistis she fine it out, en arter dat I jist ketched it at every turndey warn\t no mercy for me no mo\. \Bout ten days ago I \uz sayin\ to myself dat I couldn\t las\ many mo\ weeks I \uz so wore out wid de awful work en de lashin\s, en so downhearted en misable. En I didn\t care no mo\, nutherlife warn\t wuth noth\n\ to me, if I got to go on like dat. Well, dey was a little sickly nigger girl \bout ten year ole dat \uz good to me, en hadn\t no mammy, po\ thing, en I loved her en she loved me; en she come out whah I uz\ workin\ en she had a roasted tater, en tried to slip it to merobbin\ herself, you see, \ca\se she knowed de overseer didn\t give me enough to eaten he ketched her at it, en give her a lick acrost de back wid his stick, which \uz as thick as a broom handle, en she drop\ screamin\ o n de groun\, en squirmin\ en wallerin\ aroun\ in de dust like a spider dat\s got crippled. I couldn\t stan\ it. All de hellfire dat \uz ever in my heart flame\ up, en I snatch de stick outen his han\ en laid him flat. He laid dah moanin\ en cussin\, en all out of his head, you know, en de niggers \uz plumb sk\yred to death. Dey gathered roun\ him to he\p him, en I jumped on his hoss en took out for de river as tight as I could go. I knowed what dey would do wid me. Soon as he got well he would start in en work me to death if marster let him; en if dey didn\t do dat, they\d sell me furder down de river, en dat\s de same thing. so I \lowed to drown myself en git out o\ my troubles. It \uz gitt\n\ towards dark. I \uz at de river in two minutes. Den I see a canoe, en I says dey ain\t no use to drown myself tell I got to; so I went on a-spinnin\ down de riverpaddled mo\n two daysand when I got here I went straight to whah you used to wuz, en den I come to dis house, en dey say you\s away but \spected back every day; so I didn\t dast to go down de river to Dawson\s, \ca\se I might miss you. Well, las\ Monday I \uz pass\n by one o\ dem places in fourth street whah deh sticks up runaway nigger bills, en he\ps to ketch \em, en I seed my marster! I \mos\ flopped down on de groun\, I felt so gone. He had his back to me, en \uz talkin\ to de man en givin\ him some billsnigger bills, I reckon, en I\s de nigger. He\s offerin\ a rewarddat\s it. Ain\t I right, don\t you reckon? Turn up dat light! I want to see yo\ face better. Dah nowlemme look at you. Chambers, you\s as white as yo\ shirt! Has you see dat man? Has he be\n to see you? .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783 , .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783 .postImageUrl , .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783 , .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783:hover , .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783:visited , .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783:active { border:0!important; } .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783:active , .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783 .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud5e770e92563e957ccfd85edd5b1a783:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Trojan Women Monologue Analysis Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing Business Function

Question: Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing Business Function. Answer: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about the different advantages as well as disadvantages of outsourcing in business functions. Outsourcing has become one of the important solutions for the companies these days. However, it is important to understand advantages as well as disadvantages in a proper manner before embarking this path. Organizations must understand about good as well as bad kind of outsourcing to assist managers to decide whether outsourcing process is right for the organization or not. The process of outsourcing is a business strategy adopted by the company and these functions or processes or decisions outside the company (Schniederjans et al., 2015). The whole process is executed with the help of properly negotiating contract based agreements with the proper vendor who is given complete responsibility for the proper process of production as well as management of people, service to customers, quality as well as management of asset of many functions. The whole process ca n also further decrease the fixed based overhead costs of a company. Literature review The function of outsourcing can be defined as the process of implementing a particular business function to some specialist service providers who are outside of the company. Many times, a company fails to handle each and every aspect of the business based process in the internal parameter. Also, some processes are very temporary by nature, and the company does not have any intention to hire any in-house professionals to perform the tasks in the proper manner. When the work is outsourced to any service provider, the person will be accountable for performing the work and also maintaining the quality of the work by keeping in mind organization's requirements (Schniederjans et al., 2015). At the same time, the function of outsourcing of any element of the business when giving to a third part, it is important to be clear about different benefits and drawback of the process of outsourcing. However, outsourcing shows some advantages to the company, and it can also pose some challenges if not properly outsourced to the right person. The process of outsourcing permits the company to be more dedicated to the core business concept and be able to develop a competitive edge by decreasing the overall operational costs. The overall beauty of the process of outsourcing is when one can outsource a complete function or reduce a part of it. For instance, one need to outsource the management of network oversight of any kind of IT based system and also keeps the end-user support the internal functions. This will help the company to maintain a high level of balance of any on-site help for the workforce. Companies usually use the process of outsourcing as a main strategic initiative to improve the customer based services, quality and also reduce the cost in a proper manner (Cavusgil et al., 2014). The process of outsourcing can be temporary or sometimes a permanent solution to make bridge the overall gap in the process of staffing and also learn the better level of quality tools or improve all the designs of faulty products. W hile looking for outsourcing based option, a company must look at some potential work, and every element within that particular area must decide whether the part or complete function can be outsourced. There are so many industries where outsourcing aspects of the business are normal; however, there are some common functions that are usually outsourced by any organization: IT Human Resource Accounting Production Customer care centers Research for marketing Legal Comparative analysis Advantages Saving the cost: the process can be a cost saving process especially when there is outsourcing. Factors like employee salaries, office space and other related costs with giving a workspace or setting up a manufacturing unit will be diminished, and many resources will be freed for other motives (Cavusgil et al., 2014). More attention on core business: the function of outsourcing also permits companies to pay more attention to different kind of expertise as well as core businesses. When companies go outside the expertise level, they get to a business function and process that one might be aware of and this can potentially take away from the core business (Rushton et al., 2014). Improvement in quality: when improvement in quality is accomplished by using some vendors with the high level of expertise and high specialized functions. For instance, an outsourced company may have the right resources like employees with proper training and experience that can be present when the functions are kept in-house in a proper manner. Customer satisfaction: the benefit of maintaining a contract with the vendor is this bound to be fixed at the level of high quality as well as services. For instance, when IT functions are outsourced, and the technical team is sick, it becomes the vendor's duty to find the right person who can replace the other person and be able to meet the demand (Willcocks and Cullen, 2013). Operational level efficiency: - the function of outsourcing provides exposure to a company to the systems followed be specialized vendors. The process of specialization also brings some efficiency that permits for quick turnaround time at the same time good quality level. Disadvantages The risk of quality: the process of outsourcing can further expose any organization to high risk as well as exposure to legal part. Like for instance, when a car is called back because of the faulty systems or parts and that particular part can be outsourced, and the manufacturer of a car will also carry the burden of making corrections in damaged part as well as the reputation of the company. Quality based service: until and unless a contract recognizes calculative functions for high quality based service reporting and there can be poor service as well in quality based experiences. Some kinds of contract are properly written to leave the service level intentionally to save costs. Barriers in language: when a customer based call center outsourced outside the country where the native language is different, there is the level of dissatisfaction for consumers who are dealing with this barrier with a strong accent (Prpi? et al., 2015). Employee's opinion: there can be negative opinions with the process of outsourcing and the overall sympathy of losing the jobs. The need must be managed properly with grace as well as sensitivity. Organization based knowledge: an employee who is outsourced may not follow same level of clarity as well as passion for a company that is regular with the employees. Also there is some potential that any outsourced employee will come in connection with the consumers and not be very knowledgeable about the company and this result in negative level of experiences of customers. Labor based problems: - when an organized labor like one in the US has strong understanding related to the function of outsourcing to other countries that maintain less level of standard of living or worse conditions to work. The opinion can also impact how employees respond to the process and can influence the daily level of productivity. Security as well as legal compliance: it is crucial that several issues related to legal compliance as well as security can be dealt in a formal based documentation. Many functions are entirely outsourced, and it requires to be managed to make sure there is the proper level of diligence with different kind of legal based compliance as well as systems for security (Prpi? et al., 2015). Layoffs by employees: the function of outsourcing usually arise the need to decrease the staff. Unless it is planned with the help of attrition process like the layoff is natural and cannot be avoided. This is also challenging when not managed in a proper manner and can make some serious negative effects on rest of the workforce. In the end, while researching the vendor for the process of outsourcing, it is important to ensure and also think with the help of particular needs and also get three kinds of requests for the right proposals to make sure that company is getting the best kind value. Gap analysis The function of outsourcing like payroll or preparation of tax, the outsourcing provider, will be able to see the information of company confidential and therefore, there is also some level of threat to the overall security as well as the confidentiality of outsourcing function. When a company starts to think about outsourcing a particular function, one must find it challenging to manage the providers who are offshore especially when compared to management of process in the company. An offshore process can also generate some potential level of redundancies for the company and the employees that can express the lack of some interest or lack of quality in work (Rothaermel, 2015). The outsourcing provider providers to other companies as well and because the provider is dealing with the need of many other organizations, they cannot give hundred percent attention to the company. The function of outsourcing with the help of proper cost-effective as well as a number of other hidden costs like legal costs which incurred while signing a contract among the organizations. Also, outsourcing can bring the lack of focus on the customer. All kind of gaps identified can be ignored by partnering with right kind of service providers and before this function, it is important to take some interest in the customers as well as employees into proper consideration and then make a more informed decision (Heizer and Barry, 2013). Conclusion The development in outsourcing function in recent time is partly is the outcome of gradual movement in business based philosophies. In mid-1980, there were a number of companies that merge with other organizations and this way, could diversify the interest in business to decrease the overall risk. More and more companies also discovered that there are few benefits to run a large company with unrelated work. At the same time, may also start to invest in some subsidiaries and the attention on the efforts is on one or a few connected areas of work. The organization also tries to recognize or generate an element which is based on core competency which can be termed as a distinct combination of experience as well as expertise that will also create a source of competitive edge (Hill et al., 2014). Every feature of the operation of the company is usually aligned around the core competency and any functions that were previously taken important to save it outsourced. In the present time, the process of outsourcing can be embraced by the organization of every size as well as industry based orientations. A number of organizations also determined that transactional, as well as administrative based functions, are not associated with core competency or any other value added function. Some organizations are putting themselves at some risk as an outcome of utilizing any outdated technology and also not completely comply with regulations of government. Successful and efficient outsourcing process needs a very strong clarity on the capabiliti es of the company as well as future directions. There are a number of decisions that are associated with outsourcing which can be termed as an important function, and all the functions come under the choices of the company of different functions for which many internal based experts are developed and also nurtured (Johnson, 2014). These are considered as some of the standard or fundamental decisions which are associated with complete design or structure of the company. Reference Schniederjans, M.J., Schniederjans, A.M. and Schniederjans, D.G., 2015.Outsourcing and insourcing in an international context. Routledge. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014.International business. Pearson Australia. Rushton, A., Croucher, P. and Baker, P., 2014.The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Willcocks, L. and Cullen, S., 2013.Intelligent IT outsourcing. Routledge. Prpi?, J., Shukla, P.P., Kietzmann, J.H. and McCarthy, I.P., 2015. How to work a crowd: Developing crowd capital through crowdsourcing.Business Horizons,58(1), pp.77-85. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Heizer, R. and Barry, R., 2013.Operation Management, Sustainability and Supply Chain management(Vol. 11). Pearson, UK. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Johnson, P.F., 2014.Purchasing and supply management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G.A. and Riesenberger, J.R., 2013.A framework for international business. Pearson.

Essay Writing Guide - The Essay Sample

Essay Writing Guide - The Essay SampleA Boston University supplement essay sample can help you write a good Boston University supplement essay that will help your grades and show that you have good study habits. Some of the topics in your Boston University supplement essays are health, work and school. The students that participate in this type of study guides for the purpose of help are the students that require extra help to boost their grades.Some of them may be students who want to start a new career in which they require some experience for. Such students have no experience to start a new career, which is why it is important to avail the Boston University supplement essay sample that can give them with all necessary information needed to start a new career.Some of the topics that can be written on are how the medical field works, how food is prepared and consumed and how people are affected by the food we eat every day and many other topics that focus on health aids. Such subjec ts can be completed with the help of the Boston University supplement essay sample which can help you write a well-written supplement essay that will definitely give you the right grades.It is easy to write an essay on these subjects when you know how to write one. With the help of the Boston University supplement essay sample you can learn the methods of writing such essays. The subjects of health aids, food and preparation, medical researches and other such subjects can be written in the supplement essays that need to be done by the students for the purpose of improving their grade and their scores on examinations.To get a clear idea about the essay topics that you will need to write for your Boston University supplement essay, you can look up the sample essays in the Internet. There are many websites where you can get the samples of the essays which can be very helpful in your task of writing a Boston University supplement essay. These websites contain the samples of different su bjects, which you can compare with the ones that you have prepared.By doing a search on the Internet you will find the best Boston University supplement essay sample for your particular subject. If you are not confident of what you want to write, you can also consult a professional writer who can guide you with your task. He or she can also provide you with valuable tips and suggestions that can help you achieve your goal in writing a Boston University supplement essay.Apart from the essay sample, you can also check out the websites of the writers who do the same job as you do. These writers are capable of providing you with the excellent quality essays for writing Boston University supplement essays. You can choose among them to hire them for the task of writing your essay.Essay writing has been made easy now by the help of the internet. There are many websites that can help you with the essay writing. It is easy to take help from these websites but it is still important to look up a good Boston University supplement essay sample for your essay as this will give you with all the necessary information that you need to write an essay for the purpose of helping your school.

Theory of Change

Introduction Theories of change have broadened since 1970s to include family and society as integral components of psychotherapy. Like other therapists, I have realized that therapies should be responsive to the needs of individuals, families, and communities for clients to change according to their social and physical environments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research has proved that therapies are effective if they are applicable at family levels since social and physical environments are significant determinants of the outcomes of a given therapy (Fuller, 2004). Hence, I suppose that by targeting families as social environments that catalyze changes is a critical step towards effecting changes among family members. According to Fuller 2004, â€Å"when family members are desperate, they change, but when they are not desperate, they stay the same† (p.17 8). Since clients are family members who are desperate, they are in dire need of change, which lies deep within theories of change. Therefore, in this view, I am interested in applying theories of change in families to address problems and issues that family members are struggling to resolve. The theory of change comprises a series of interventions that help clients to recover in a gradual process. Anderson (2005) states, â€Å"Theory of change is the product of a series of critical thinking exercises that provide a comprehensive picture of the early and intermediate-term† (p.12). A comprehensive theory of change outlines the assumptions of the change process and describes the steps through which change occurs. As a therapist, I tend to apply change theories such as the solution-focused family therapy, narrative therapy, and structural family therapy in resolving problems within families because they are effective in causing required change.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, since these theories have common assumptions and functions, I have developed an interest of implementing them during therapy because they provide necessary tools and skills, which are of great importance in family therapy. Therefore, this essay focuses on the theory of change by examining goals, assessment strategies, assumptions, principles, and views of therapists. Goals of Therapy The central goal of therapy inside a therapy room is to empower clients to be strong and overcome trauma. Clients usually seek therapy when problems that they face in life become too heavy for them to endure alone. Hence, the major objective of therapy is to relieve the clients’ emotional and psychological burdens using appropriate psychological interventions. The goal of the solution-focused therapy is to enable clients to resolve problems using their own strengths. Greenberg, Ganshor n, and Danilkewich (2001) posit, â€Å"Solution-focused therapy recognizes that even in the bleakest of circumstances an emphasis on individual strength is empowering† (p.2289). Despite the fact that an individual may be too weak to endure and resolve a given problem in life, solution-focused family therapy maintains that, an individual has residual energy to overcome problems in life. By use of coping questions in the therapy room, clients can recognize their strengths and use them effectively. Therefore, as aforementioned, the cardinal goal of therapy is to revive the inherent latent strength within an individual and encourage one to overcome the problems that he or she is facing. Another goal of the solution-focused therapy is to enable clients to focus their on solutions when resolving issues that affect their lives. Clients have inherent solutions, but the problem is that they cannot focus on the solutions to resolve their problems effectively.Advertising We will wr ite a custom essay sample on Theory of Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Given that solutions to a given problem or an issue are many and diverse, lack of focus on the part of clients complicates the process of resolution. Therefore, the goal of the solution-focused therapy is to enable clients to focus their perceived solutions towards resolutions of the problems. The major work of a therapist in solution-focused therapy is to guide clients into focusing solutions towards resolution of their problems, because they cannot resolve them on their own. According to Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001), clients understand their lives for the only thing that they require from therapists is guidance on how to resolve problems that affect them. In this case, the exception questions encourage clients to utilize their strengths, thus amplifying the probable solutions. Hence, the goal of therapy is to support clients in implementing interventions that they perceive as effective solutions to their problems. Moreover, the goal of therapy inside a therapy room is to make clients to forget about their past and dwell on the present and future. By focusing on the present and future, clients can develop strength and overcome negative feelings that weigh them down. The reason why many people are unable to resolve issues affecting their lives is that they utilize a great deal of their energies in focusing about the past, which cannot change. In this light, solution-focused therapy enables clients to focus on the present and future, thus promoting resolution of problems. Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001) assert that the use of accolades in solution-focused therapy has multiple effects of encouraging patients, setting expectations, fostering confidence, maintaining rapport, and facilitates building of relationships. The utilization of accolades forms the foundation of therapy in a therapy room, since they creat e rapport, which is critical in initiating a solution talk. The goal of therapy is to examine the impacts of problems on people rather than examining problems as an integral part of people. In essence, the process of examining problems as different entities that affect people amounts to externalization.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Externalization reduces stigmatization and victimization of clients according to the nature of a problem that they are struggling to overcome. Stigmatization and victimization of clients slows down the process of recovery. Shapiro and Ross (2002) posit, â€Å"A narrative approach advocates for externalizing the patient’s problem by locating it outside the individual and within the culture† (p. 97). In the narrative therapy, the goal of a therapist is to externalize problems that clients face. Successful externalization of problems allows patients to perceive their problems as external entities, which do not form a permanent part of their lives. Externalization is applicable outside the therapy room because it enhances the ability of clients to cope with the stigma associated with their problems. Such perception relieves stress from clients and reduces responsibility of therapists in the process of delivering therapy. Since families exist as systems within the society, the goal of therapy outside the therapy room is to enhance functionalities of families. Families that function well have the capacity to solve problems that affect family members, while dysfunctional families are ineffective in addressing such problems. Structural family therapy holds that problems in families occur due to dysfunctional nature of the systems in a family setting. Nichols and Schwartz (2004) assert, â€Å"The goal of structural family therapy is to facilitate the growth of the system to resolve symptoms and encourage growth in individuals, while also preserving the mutual support of the family† (p.187). Therefore, therapists must ensure that families of the clients are functioning well for any therapy to be effective in resolution of the prevailing problems. Assessment Strategies and Process of Therapy After taking clients through the process of therapy, therapists expect them to show some significant changes. As the objective of solution-focused family therapy is to enable clients to acquire strengths essential in resolution of problems, the capacity of clients to resolve problems on their own provides an effective assessment parameter. In the application of solution-focused therapy, therapists can assess the progress of their clients as the therapy enhances optimism on the part of patients. According to Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001), solution focused therapy provides for the assessment of behavior changes with time in response to therapy. Hence, assessment of client’s behavior in terms of the ability to solve problems on his or her own is imperative in assessment of behavior change. As the objective of the solution-focused therapy is to assist clients to forget about their past and dwell on the present and future, assessment of their perception of problems enables therapists to monitor the course of therapy. The progress of clients in therapy falls in the continuum that ranges from those who have negative thoughts t o those who harbor positive thoughts. Solution-focused therapy employs scaling questions in assessing the nature of thoughts that clients harbor. Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001) posit, â€Å"Scaling questions measure problem severity, progress toward a goal, confidence, and commitment to a goal† (p.2292). Hence, scaling questions provide means of assessing the progress of patients during therapy. The goal of narrative theory is to externalize problems that affect clients. Since the extent of externalization determines how clients perceive problems that affect them, assessment of clients’ perception is critical. The way patients perceive their problems in terms of â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad† underscores externalization (Shapiro Ross, 2002). Clients who still perceive their problems as an integral part of their lives can see themselves as hopeless. In contrast, clients who have managed to externalize their problems would perceive life with an opt imistic attitude. Therefore, assessment of the elements associated with externalization of the problems under consideration gives an accurate way of ascertaining the impact of therapy on clients. According to structural family therapy, family problems are inherent in structural organization and functions of a given family. Since the family is a system with structural organization, which shows a form of power distribution, functionality of the family is critical in showing the impact of therapy. The assessment of the impact of structural family therapy focuses on both organization and functionality aspects of a certain family. Nichols and Schwartz (2004) argue, â€Å"A structural assessment is based on the assumption that a family’s difficulties often reflect problems in the way the family is organized† (p.189). Poor organization of the family complicates resolution of problems, while good organization eases resolution of problems. In the aspect of functionality, famili es that function well can easily address their problems when compared to dysfunctional families. Assumptions about Family and Change One assumption of solution-focused therapy is that change is constant. In the family set up, often changes occur in response to challenges. Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001) posit, â€Å"Change is constant, inevitable, and contagious† (p.2290). Since change is constant, solution building is a dynamic process that therapists should understand when they are providing therapy to clients. When clients face problems, they respond by seeking change. The response of change is critical for change is constant in families. The relationships that exist in families play a central role in facilitating change because they are dynamic and subject to changes in the family level. Another assumption of therapy is that clients have inherent abilities to overcome the problems that they encounter in life. Given that problems that require therapeutic interv entions to address are very complicated for clients to resolve without any assistance, therapy is helpful for it amplifies the inherent abilities of clients to deal with the problem. Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001) explain that the role of therapists is to amplify expertise that clients have in addressing issues affecting them. Although clients have expertise in resolving of their problems, they need motivation so that they can gain the courage to address complex problems. The assumption of solution-focused therapy is that family members have strengths to overcome problems that seem complex in their lives. In this assumption, the role of therapists is to enhance strengths of clients so that they can solve problems on their own. Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001) reveal, â€Å"Patients have strengths, resources, and coping skills that drive change while generating optimism and hope† (p. 2290). Resources and strengths that clients have are enough to overcom e problems and challenges that affect them. Hence, for therapists to deliver their therapies effectively and bring change, they must utilize resources and strengths that are inherent in clients. At the family level, therapy assumes that problems that families face originate from structural organization and functionality of family. According to Nichols and Schwartz (2004), the assumption of structural family therapy is that the nature of problems that family members face is dependent on the structural organization and functionality of a given family. Well-organized families promote good interaction among members, thus reducing incidents of disagreements and conflicts associated with complex relationships that exist in different families. Additionally, families that function properly have reduced problems because family members work in a concerted manner. Therefore, for therapists to optimize the impact of their therapies, they must ensure that families have proper organization while functioning in an effective manner. Since families and individuals exist in society with diverse cultural and social factors, they tend to adopt these factors to suit their needs. In this view, narrative therapy assumes that social and cultural aspects that surround clients in society have a significant role in causing change. Shapiro and Ross (2002) argue, â€Å"The basis of narrative therapy is a social constructionism or the idea that the way people experience themselves and their situation is constructed through culturally mediated social interactions† (p.96). As people attach meanings to different concepts in society, the narrative therapy utilizes these meanings in eliciting certain changes of behavior in therapy. Therefore, therapists should utilize narratives that have social and cultural elements for clients to decipher symbols used and attach meanings, thus bringing about change during therapy. Major Interventions The intervention of using the miracle question is ef fective is family therapy because it enables clients to examine their situations from different perspectives, thus enhancing the perception of their problems. As clients normally analyze their problems from a single perspective, they find it difficult and impossible to resolve problems in their lives. In this view, miracle questions aim at expanding perspective and enhancing understanding of problems, thus enabling clients to resolve their problems. Application of miracle questions in therapy is an effective way of probing clients to initiate resolution of problems that they face in their families. Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001) assert that miracle questions facilitate in the development of goals in therapy since solution-focused therapy is a goal-oriented therapy. Hence, the intervention of applying miracle questions during therapy is critical in effecting changes among clients. Providing homework tasks is an intervention, which ensures that clients continue with the p rocess of resolving their problems despite the fact that they are away from therapists. Since different clients have different abilities of coping with problems that influence their lives, some clients are too weak to cope well during the process of therapy. In this view, homework tasks are necessary so that they can remain active throughout the process of therapy. Homework tasks enhance coping process as they engage clients in focusing on present and future aspects of their problems rather than the past, which is the major objective of solution focused therapy. Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001) advise therapists to provide homework tasks to clients who have a clear focus on what they expect from therapy, but not those who have no clear focus. Such classification of clients enables therapists to assess the needs of clients and provide a customized therapy. Externalization of the problems among clients is another intervention, which is essential in reducing stigmatization a nd victimization of clients. The stigma that clients have during the process of therapy has considerable impact in reducing the effectiveness of therapy. Although therapy may be effective, stigmatization, and victimization, which occurs during therapy negates the progress that therapists make. Hence, for therapies to be effective in resolving problems that clients face, therapists should apply interventions that seek to externalize the problems from individuals and families. According to Shapiro and Ross (2002), externalization reduces self-blame and stigma that patients face in society. Therefore, externalization is a critical intervention in reducing the stigma associated with problems that clients face, particularly in the family set up. Utilization of family therapies is another intervention that is essential in creating a friendly environment. The nature of social and physical environment where therapy occurs determines the success of a given therapy. Other therapies such as ps ychoanalysis and art therapy have some setbacks because clients do not feel free when interacting with therapists. Hence, the application of therapies that consider needs of family members creates rapport, which promotes interactions between clients and therapists, thus enhancing the effectiveness of the therapy. Fuller (2004) argues that a therapy that meets the unique needs of clients â€Å"is not merely centre-based therapy displaced into patients’ homes, but rather requires the therapists to integrate different rules of conduct and, at times, different forms of intervention† (p.179). The integration of interventions that provide for the needs of clients creates a friendly social environment where clients can share their problems freely without any reservations that are usually associated with the process of therapy. Restructuring family set up to enhance organization and functionality of families is an intervention that is applicable in families. Problems that occu r in families or among family members originate from structural and functional aspects of a family. This aspect means that therapists should restructure families with the aim of enhancing their functions and relieving conflicts. Fundamentally, structural family therapy seeks to bring changes in family by modifying the family structure. Nichols and Schwartz (2004) insist, â€Å"The therapist produces a change by joining the family, probing for areas of flexibility, and then activating dormant structural alternatives† (p.187). Hence, restructuring of families to enhance efficiency of its functions is critical in resolution of problems that clients face. Person of Therapist As a therapist, I believe that therapy enables clients to overcome problems that they face in the family or society. Hence, I perceive that a therapist has a role of helping clients to overcome their problems because they already have solutions to their problems. Evidently, since solution-focused therapy is a proven effective tool in resolution of problems in families, the intervention of optimizing solutions is imperative. According to the assumption of solution-focused therapy, I concur that clients are experts in resolution of problems that affect them because they are in contact with the problems. In this view, my role as a therapist is to optimize solutions that clients have concerning the problems that affect them. Additionally, I also support the assumption of solution-focused therapy that clients have inherent resources, coping skills, and strengths, which are important in resolution of problems. Therefore, I should take advantage of resources, coping skills, and strengths that patients have when delivering therapy. Given that the nature of therapy and environment under which therapy occurs determine the effectiveness of therapy in resolution of problems, I hold that customization of therapies according to the needs of customers is critical. Therapies that consider unique needs of clients are effective because clients can freely interact with therapists due to friendliness of the environment. Unfriendly atmosphere usually makes clients to become unresponsive to therapy. Fundamentally, therapies that are sensitive to the needs of clients provide means of creating good relationships with clients so that they can respond to therapy in a positive manner, hence promoting efficiency of the therapy. The application of family interventions in therapy has been effective in enhancing the outcome of a therapy. Ample evidence shows that clients are more responsive to family interventions than interventions that are applicable out of family set up due to friendliness of the therapy process. Hence, as a therapist, I think that the incorporation of family interventions has a significant role in enhancing therapy outcomes. Additionally, I think that families have significant influence in determining the therapy progress and outcome. I support the principle of structural f amily therapy that organization and functionality of a family determines the resolution of problems. In essence, well-organized families experience fewer conflicts and have high coping abilities. In contrast, poorly organized families experience a great deal of problems as disorganization complicates resolution of conflicts. Moreover, the manner in which families function predicts their susceptibility to problems. I perceive that families that do not function efficiently are prone to problems as compared to families that function well. On this basis, I think that my responsibility as a therapist is to restructure families well with the view of enhancing their functions. How families function is dependent on their structure, hence, an appropriate target for therapists. Since stigma associated with the problem has negative impacts on the process of therapy, I believe that externalization of problems provides means of reducing impacts of stigma. Problems differ in families and society, and thus they have different levels of stigma. In this view, a therapist should assess fears and reservations that clients have with a view of ascertaining the levels of stigma. Effective externalization of the problems will enhance coping skills of clients, as they will not be struggling with negative feelings, but having optimism in resolution of their problems. Thus, I think that externalization is central in enhancing the effectiveness of a therapy. Conclusion In theories of change, family and society play significant roles in determining the impact of therapy on clients. Since families comprise inherent systems in society, problems that people face emanate from family relationships or social environments in society. In this paper, I have noted that theories of change such as solution-focused therapy, narrative therapy, and structural family therapy are proven effective tools in resolution of problems that clients face within the context of family and society. Moreover, I have realized that different assumptions and principles concur that clients and their families have inherent strengths, expertise, resources, and abilities that are paramount on tackling problems. In this view, I seek to apply principles and assumptions associated with these theories of change in guiding clients through the process of therapy, thus enabling them to resolve their problems. References Anderson, A. (2005). An introduction to the theory of change. The Evaluation Exchange,  11(2), 12-13. Fuller, A. (2004). Crisis: Home-based family therapy. Australian New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 25(4), 177-182. Greenberg, G., Ganshorn, K., Danilkewich, A. (2001). Solution-focused therapy: Counseling model for busy family physicians. Canadian Family Physician, 47, 2289-2295. Nichols, M., Schwartz, R. (2004). The essentials of family therapy. New York, NY: Allyn Bacon. Shapiro, J., Ross, V. (2002). Applications of narrative theory and therapy to the practice of family medicine . Family Medicine, 34(2): 96-100. This essay on Theory of Change was written and submitted by user Marcus Valentine to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Argumentative Essay Sample on Video Games Effects on People

Argumentative Essay Sample on Video Games Effects on People Imagine your daughter in a dark, tight-spaced, labyrinth, so narrow that there is barely enough room to strafe left or right by one foot; with her broken radio in one hand and her assault rifle in the other. She’s cut off from all communication, and since she has found no other crewmate alive in this alien labyrinth, they could all possibly be dead. As she navigates through endless passages, she hears a hoarse growl. She turns right on a blind corner, not knowing what lies ahead. Little does she know that a massive behemoth of a creature awaits the next turn, waiting to quickly catch her defenseless and rip her apart before devouring her. She sees the monster right in front of her, swinging its arm towards her as the first act of instinct. Alarmed, she raises her rifle and drills the monster full of bullets. The creature falls smoking down at her feet, and she lets out a cocky grin as 500 points are added to her score on the top of the television screen. Before running off to kill another alien creature, she pressed the pause button and walks to the kitchen for a quick snack. This is video gaming. Controversy continues to escalate on games such as one described above between parents and gamers, regarding the psychological effect of simulated, realistic, 3D violence on the minds of young children and growing teenagers. Yet recent research shows that videogames contribute very little to today’s everyday violence, despite complaints and concerns that games influence a child’s normal behavior. Technology is a way of life in today’s world, computers are used by toddlers, adolescents, and adults alike; no matter what career path a person chooses, the computer plays an essential role in the job. The more our technology progresses and as our industry grows stronger, computers and electronic entertainment will grow to be found everywhere around the world. And this includes videogames. Although gaming became popular in the 1980s, it has been alive since the 1970s. In May of 1972, Magnavox Odyssey was released as the first gaming console. A few built-in games came with it, and the graphics were as simple as white blocks over a black background. At this point, game violence wasn’t even an issue since the graphics were just simple, moving patterns on a screen. Magnavox Odyssey did not sell well despite being a public release gaming console. This may have been a result of the sales practice; the gaming console was only available in Magnavox stores, where crooked salespeople assured customers that it would only be compatible with Magnavox televisions (â€Å"Console launches† 68). In October 1977, the Atari Video Computer System was released, along with it the classic game â€Å"Pong†, giving the system a place in the history books. However, the turning point in gaming came with the release of the 8-bit Nintendo Entertainment System (Adorably called NES), in fall 1985. Although Nintendo marketed the system as a toy, the technological aspect of it sparked interest in people of all ages, especially when it was released in the United States. The market was opened to daring game developers who made games that marked the birth of interactive media that we know today. But perhaps too daring though. Macintosh developed and released Mac Playmate on PC in 1987 (and another version in 1995); stimulating an animated woman with sex toys after undressing her was the object of the game, and the orgasm was the goal. Another highly controversial issue was an underground game set in World War II, but what sets this game apart from other World War II titled is the goal of the game and the core gameplay itself. Set in Europe, the player takes charge of a Nazi concentration camp; rewards varied depending on how many and how brutal were the deaths of Jews. Enraged parents raised protest when Mortal Kombat was released in 1991, which gave the player choices on how to â€Å"finish off† their opponent, sporting the most graphic (and not to mention bloody, VERY bloody) â€Å"fatalities† ever seen in any videogame of its time (Choi 2). Since then, games like Grand Theft Auto and Resident Evil became targets for anti-violence protestors a reason to push for or even completely ban violent videogames. The Columbine shooting incident in Colorado have given angry parents an obvious reason to try and strangle the video gaming industry. According to the media, the game Doom presumably help the young murderers, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, learn shooting tactics. However, of all the bullets (approximately 300 bullets in the library alone) that were shot in Columbine High School, 13 were killed out of a possible 1,800 students (Alastor 2). This connotes that the game may NOT have help them out at all. In fact, weapons on the television screen do not work at all as they do in real life; controllers aren’t as heavy as real guns, there is no recoil from a blast, it usually takes several shots to the torso for a normal enemy to go down, and many other major errors (Wynar 5). A videogame is strictly made up of polygons and pixels, and there are no available controllers to even remotely simulate the feel of a real gun. Many gamers believe that videogame violence holds little to no influence in children. Television, movies, and books are more widespread, less expensive; and less censored than videogames yet still containts the same themes. Themes of aliens invading earth, villains seeking to conquer or destroy the world, and normal people becoming superheroes are so common in children’s movies nowadays that movies which are more graphic than videogames threaten a child’s psychological development. But they are  merely tagged as â€Å"just kids’ movies.† Because of this, nobody ever looks at the hero. The movie hero could just be as much of a criminal as the villain. For example: In order to save one innocent civilian that happens to be the hero’s live interest, the hero has to kill every bad guy in his way to save the woman. These themes are worse in more mature movies. A lot of â€Å"heroes† kill the â€Å"underlings† of the villains or anyone oppo sing him; in â€Å"real life† the prosecuted and imprisoned for the illegal abuses of the firearms and authority (Wynar 4). What kind of hero is that? No one can say that television has not influenced society. Novice shooters in firearms classes start out by imitating the incorrect techniques they see on television, martial arts schools boomed after Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, and sales of S6W .44 magnums skyrocketed after the release of Dirty Harry (Wynar 4). Studies show that many frequent game players also engage in more violent sports and watch high amounts of television every week (Ask 2). And yet, the blaming finger still points to videogames as being the core risk for negative behavior changes in children. When anti-gamers accused the games industries of producing more mature games than fun and educational ones, game enthusiasts pointed out the fact that 42% of gamers are over age 18 (Choi 2). In 1997, 43% of games reviewed by the ESRB were rated inappropriate for the under 13 age group. Many gamers believe that the people arguing against them are merely ignorant of many of the studies and facts presented by researchers that favor the neutral or positive effects of games on children. An independent study conducted by Alexander Ask showed that high-frequency players playing a violent yet easy game became less angry and calmer, while low-frequency players were on the flipside; also, more frequent gamers experienced and expressed more anger, but felt they could control it better. A different study by the American Psychological Association (APA) sampled twenty-five boys and girls between the ages of eight and twelve. The children were asked questions about violent behavior or empathy, and then were given one of two games to play (violent, non-violent) for fifteen minutes. Afterward, researchers gave their subjects a set of hypothetical situations designed to trigger either a compassionate or an aggressive response. No connection between gameplay and the responses to the situations was discovered (McDowell 2). Yet the demand to ban still ran strong among anti-violence supporters. After viewing several violent videogames, including Mortal Kombat and Night Trap, Senator Joseph Lieberman (CT) created the ESRB, Entertainment Software Ratings Board (McDowell 1). The ESRB is an organization in which representatives from all of the major software companies rate every video or computer game before it goes out on the market. Ratings vary: E for everyone, T for teen 13+, M for mature 17+, AO for adults only, and others. Other ratings companies followed, such as the Amusement Machine Operators Association (AMOA), which puts warning/rating stickers on arcade machines (Choi 2). The effort to protect children from violent games stretched across the world. In Australia, the State Attorney General declared that all videogames would go through a screening test. Violent games would be restricted to adults and excessively violent games would be banned all together (Ask 1). So why hasn’t the violence stopped? With the ESRB and other organizations striving to protect children from the gore and guns of games, and the results of numerous studies showing that there is no connection between games and violence by kids, you’d think that the shootings and violent play would stop. However, aggression research suggests that poor parenting is the cause of much of the erratic behavior by children. The limiting of playtime and the supervision of the types of games that are played are just as important as monitoring the television programs and movies that children watch. Despite the common belief, there are benefits of gaming. An important plus to gaming is being able to vent anger non-aggressively. What could be better than blowing away that non-existent monster after a long day of school/work or other stress? If this method of venting were taken away, hyper-aggressive people would be forced to find some other way to purge their anger and frustration. This could lead to real people being hurt. Another advantage to gaming is that it opens up a social opportunity for kids; a certain game might cause some common interest between children and create more friendships and interactivity. People also seem to forget that educational games do exist, and can teach kids things that do not involve guns and killing. Games that are helpful, educational, and fun would be more popular if more people tried to encourage the acceptance, popularity, and availability of them (â€Å"Violence† 3). Controversy is not anything new to society; there were arguments about television and rock and roll. Now videogames joins the pack. With the industry booming and the ESRB running full force to warn of mature games, it is doubtful that videogames will lose their place in the electronics empire and our everyday lives. So next time your son is gleefully gunning down monsters in dark tool sheds with his Playstation controller, just remember that if anyone objects, proof of protection is on the package of the game on the ESRB tag. It is the parent who chooses to be aware of and follow it, and lay down the law to their kids’ gaming and other media habits that might spark the violence and arguments in the lives of both gamers and non-gamers. You can also order a custom term paper, research paper, thesis, dissertation or essay on video games from our professional custom essay writing company which provides students with high-quality custom written papers at an affordable cost.